Silicon nitride as a rolling bearing material—A preliminary assessment

Scott, Douglas; Blackwell, J.; McCullagh, P.J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(71)90015-9

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The Institute of Petroleum gathered various papers [35], which describes various test results, ball dynamics and kinematics using the modified four ball machine. The RCF performance of hot-pressed Si 3 N 4 bearing materials has been studied in the past by Scott [36] and Scott and Blackwell [37], using this machine. Recently, Hadfield et al [38][39][40] have used the modified four-ball machine to simulate the rolling contact in hybrid ball bearings.…”

Section: Crack Propagation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolling Contact Fatigue of Ceramics

Wereszczak¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2006

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Typical crack defects found on ceramic ball surfaces under UV light. (a) Star defect, (b) pressing defect, (c) single ring crack, and (d) concentric ring cracks. 2 Loading configuration of four-ball machine. 3 Loading configuration of five-ball machine. 4 Loading configuration of ball-on-plate machine. 5 Loading configuration of ball-on-rod machine. 6 Japanese type ball-on-rod machine. 7 Loading configuration of disc-on-rod machine. 8 Contacting ring (cylinder on cylinder) machine. 9 Schematic illustration of the process of rolling contact failure in ceramics and metals. 10 Spalling fatigue failure resulting from artificially induced ring /cone cracks (SEM micrographs). (a) Single spall and (b) double spall. 11 Loading configuration and ring crack location on the contact track. (a) Loading system. (b) Geometric location on the contact track. (c) Twelve typical locations within the contact path. 12 Surface fatigue damage resulting from 'natural' ring cracks (Figs. 10(a)-(c)) and line defects (Fig. 10(d)). (a) Ring cracks and wear track after 113 million stress cycles at crack location β = 0 o and δ = 0 (optical micrograph). (b) Incipient failure after 27 million stress cycles at the crack location β = 45 º and δ = 0 (optical micrograph). (c) Spall SEM micrograph after 16 million stress cycles at crack location β = 90 o and δ=0. (d) Spall SEM micrograph after 1.4 million stress cycles at β=90 º. 13 Subsurface observation of spalling fatigue failure (optical micrograph). 14 Surface damage resulting from ceramic/steel contact (SEM micrographs). (a) Lateral crack spall. (b) Radial crack propagation and (c) delamination and (d) Ceramic/ceramic contact at high Hertz contact pressure. 15 Relationship between crushing strength and life ratio. 16 Schematic of the 12.7-mm-diameter C-sphere flexure strength specimen. 17 Diametral compression of the C-sphere flexure specimen causes fracture initiation from a hoop stress at the outer fiber. 18 Nodal first principal stress distribution (left) and element 1 st Principal stress distribution (right) for the 12.7-mm-diameter C-sphere specimen. 19 Maximum 1 st Principal tensile stress (located at outer fiber-see Fig. 17) as a function of diametral compressive load for the 12.7mm-diameter Csphere geometry in Fig. 16 for a Si 3 N 4. v Figure Page 20 Si 3 N 4 12.7mm-diameter C-sphere flexure strength specimens. 31 21 BS-SEM microstructure on finished ball surfaces of NBD200 and SN101C. 22 C-sphere Weibull strength distribution comparison of NBD200 and SN101C. 33 23 95% confidence ratio rings for NBD200 and SN101C C-sphere strengths. 33 24 Example of a surface-located strength-limiting flaw in a SN101C C-sphere flexure strength specimen. This specimen had a strength of 770 MPa. 34 25 Weibull plots of rolling contact fatigue lifetime. 35 26 Elastic properties of NBD200 and SN101C balls measured using Resonance Ultrasound Spectroscopy.

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Section: Crack Propagation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolling Contact Fatigue of Ceramics

Wereszczak¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2006

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show abstract

“…The Institute of Petroleum compiled numerous papers [31] that describe various test results, kinematics, ball dynamics using modified four ball machine. This machine has been used to study the RCF performance of hot pressed silicon nitride bearing materials [29,28]. Recently, a modified four-ball machine has been used to simulate the rolling contact in hybrid (ceramic/steel) rolling element bearings [13][14][15].…”

Section: Modified Four-ball Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Pressurised chamber design for conducting rolling contact experiments with liquid refrigerant lubrication

2005

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“…Rolling-element fatigue testing of hot-pressed silicon nitride has produced seemingly contradictory results. Poor results were obtained in the limited tests reported in [11,12], whereas the results reported in [7,13] showed the fatigue life of hot-pressed silicon nitride to exceed that of a typical rolling-element bearing steel. NASA tests [4] were performed with this material at stress levels of 620 to 900 ksi.…”

Section: Harold H Coe 5 and Erwin V Zaretsky5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion: “The Performance of a High-Speed Ball Thrust Bearing Using Silicon Nitride Balls” (Reddecliff, J. M., and Valori, R., 1976, ASME J. Lubr. Technol., 98, pp. 553–558)

Baumgärtner

1976

Journal of Lubrication Technology

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Silicon nitride as a rolling bearing material—A preliminary assessment

Cited by 30 publications

References 3 publications

Rolling Contact Fatigue of Ceramics

Rolling Contact Fatigue of Ceramics

Pressurised chamber design for conducting rolling contact experiments with liquid refrigerant lubrication

Discussion: “The Performance of a High-Speed Ball Thrust Bearing Using Silicon Nitride Balls” (Reddecliff, J. M., and Valori, R., 1976, ASME J. Lubr. Technol., 98, pp. 553–558)

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