“…However, low conductivity of semi-conductive TiO 2 nanotube arrays limited the full display of the inherent merits. Therefore, some additives such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 [17], graphene [18], carbon [19], Co 3 O 4 [20], NiO [20], Si [21], Sn [22] and V [23] were used to modify the electrochemical performances of TiO 2 nanotube arrays anode in LIB.…”