Silicon solar cell–integrated stress and temperature sensors for photovoltaic modules

Beinert, Andreas J.; Imm, Mark; Benick, Jan; Becker, Felix; Seitz, Sonja; Heinrich, Martin; Oliver, Paul; Glunz, Stefan W.; Aktaa, Jarir; Eitner, Ulrich; Neuhaus, Holger

doi:10.1002/pip.3263

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Framed modules are less prone to breaking and are easier to install. [80,97] Most modules are framed but frameless modules are expected to represent about 20% of the market share in 2028 [6] as they present certain advantages: 1) improved aesthetics, 2) no requirement for electrical grounding, 3) fewer corrosion issues, and 4) reduced leakage current as the surrounding frame is replaced by metallic attachment clamps, which reduces the PID impact. [16,88]…”

Section: Module Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Potential‐Induced Degradation in Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules

Molto

Mahmood

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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Bifacial modules are increasingly deployed in the field and are expected to represent half of the market share within 10 years. Their rear structure differs from monofacial modules to allow additional light absorption. However, it brings new reliability challenges to address. In particular, the risk of potential‐induced degradation (PID) is increased as both module sides are impacted. Different PID processes have been identified in the literature: shunting type (PID‐s), polarization type (PID‐p), Na penetration type, and corrosion type (PID‐c). Their occurrence depends on the photovoltaic system configuration as well as the module's materials. Apart from PID‐s, PID processes are not well understood and extensive research is needed to elucidate the PID scenario and underlying mechanisms. Herein, current knowledge about PID processes and their impact on the main bifacial modules in the market are gathered with the aim to guide future research. Bifacial module technologies and leakage current paths leading to PID are described. Indoor and outdoor PID testing methods are detailed. For each bifacial module technology, the PID processes are investigated with their indicators, mechanism and recovery process. PID‐impacting factors and limitation solutions are finally reported and a state of the art on PID modeling is presented.

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Section: Module Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Potential‐Induced Degradation in Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules

Molto

Mahmood

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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“…the stress and temperature sensors presented in ref. 80. Both TFT and glass fiber technologies are relatively mature and widely used.…”

Section: Research Area 2 Pv-based Intelligent Energy Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltatronics: intelligent PV-based devices for energy and information applications

Ziar

Manganiello

Isabella

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…Attaching vibration sensors would allow them to make finer adjustments to reduce the impacts of ice, high winds or snow. On a smaller scale, sensors could be integrated into modules to reveal physical or chemical changes that might warn of reliability concerns later; some versions have been demonstrated 6 .…”

Section: Monitor Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Build solar-energy systems to last — save billions

Jordan

Haegel

Repins

2021

Nature

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olar energy is being adopted the world over. Prices have plunged 100-fold since 1980. By 2023, the installed capacity of photovoltaics globally is expected to surpass 1 terawatt -30-100 TW will be required by 2050. Yet colliding trends mean that many of the technologies being installed today might not last until then if quality is not assured.To displace fossil fuels, solar energy needs to be dependable. Photovoltaic technologies must function as well in the steamy tropics as at the icy poles -working through storms, hail, heatwaves and snow. Until now, solar energy has been very reliable. Most modules have warranties that last 25-35 years (see 'Solar trends'), and less than 1% of those in the United States fail within the first 5 years 1 . Intact solar panels were crucial, for example, in helping Only solar panels remain intact after a bush fire burnt down a property in Torrington, Australia, in 2019.

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Silicon solar cell–integrated stress and temperature sensors for photovoltaic modules

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Review of Potential‐Induced Degradation in Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules

Review of Potential‐Induced Degradation in Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules

Photovoltatronics: intelligent PV-based devices for energy and information applications

Build solar-energy systems to last — save billions

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