Silicone‐Based Adhesives with Highly Tunable Adhesion Force for Skin‐Contact Applications

Lee, Bong Kuk; Ryu, Ji Hwa; Baek, In-Bok; Kim, Yarkyeon; Jang, Won Ick; Kim, Sang-Hyeob; Yoon, Yong Sun; Kim, Seunghwan; Hong, Soon Ho; Byun, Sung Su; Yu, Han Young

doi:10.1002/adhm.201700621

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Besides, soft silicone-based adhesives have good biocompatibility, temperature stability, chemical inertness, and environmental stability. These features make silicone-based adhesives suitable for many medical applications, including tapes, wound dressings for wearable devices, and transdermal drug delivery applications [ 101 , 102 ].…”

Section: Materials and Fabrication Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: From Healthcare Monitoring to Sports Analytics

Feng

Huang

et al. 2020

Biosensors

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Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip technology establish solid foundations for wearable biosensors. These newly emerging wearable biosensors are capable of non-invasive, continuous monitoring by miniaturization of electronics and integration with microfluidics. The advent of flexible electronics, biochemical sensors, soft microfluidics, and pain-free microneedles have created new generations of wearable biosensors that explore brand-new avenues to interface with the human epidermis for monitoring physiological status. However, these devices are relatively underexplored for sports monitoring and analytics, which may be largely facilitated by the recent emergence of wearable biosensors characterized by real-time, non-invasive, and non-irritating sensing capacities. Here, we present a systematic review of wearable biosensing technologies with a focus on materials and fabrication strategies, sampling modalities, sensing modalities, as well as key analytes and wearable biosensing platforms for healthcare and sports monitoring with an emphasis on sweat and interstitial fluid biosensing. This review concludes with a summary of unresolved challenges and opportunities for future researchers interested in these technologies. With an in-depth understanding of the state-of-the-art wearable biosensing technologies, wearable biosensors for sports analytics would have a significant impact on the rapidly growing field—microfluidics for biosensing.

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Section: Materials and Fabrication Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: From Healthcare Monitoring to Sports Analytics

Feng

Huang

et al. 2020

Biosensors

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“…Patch‐type adhesives with bioinspired architectures have expanded their applications to the interfacial layers of integrated bioelectronics. Achieving conformity of flexible biointegrated devices against highly soft and irregularly shaped surfaces of the human body has been desired for the past years for diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities . Recent attempts of incorporating bioinspired architectures to bioelectronics have proven to be more effective not only for conformal attachment to the engaged surfaces, but also for maximization of interfacial contact area for enhanced device functionalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Adhesive Architectures: From Skin Patch to Integrated Bioelectronics

et al. 2019

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on dry and rough surfaces (maximum ≈10 N cm −2 ). [1] Close observations have indicated nanoscale hairs of high aspect ratio (AR) with slated tips. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] This geometry allows directional appliance of van der Waals forces against engaged surfaces for stable attachment. The attachment strategies and fixation systems of beetles have also been investigated. [9] Concave, mushroom-shaped architectures on the forelegs of beetles ensure stable adherences onto rough, waxy surfaces [31][32][33][34][35][36] or locomotion via capillary adhesion. [37][38][39] Studies on their attachment systems revealed that the mushroom-shaped structures with wide concave tips can generate van der Waals interactions [40] as well as a suction effect against engaged surfaces. [41,42] Moreover, needles located in the proboscis of mosquitos [43][44][45][46] or endoparasites (e.g., Pomphorhynchus laevis) [47] alike, induce mechanical interlocking on dry skin or wet organs. The needles provide strong adhesion in both normal and shear directions for the insect species to easily consume nutrients. Recently, the architectures of octopus suckers were investigated to understand their underlying attachment mechanism. Existing in clusters on octopus tentacles, suction cups are crucial for octopi's survival underwater for functions such as preying, grasping, locomotion, and even sensing. The cup-shaped protruding chamber (infundibulum) is known to adapt and seal conformably on rough surfaces. [12,13,15,48] Meanwhile, the dome-like protuberance in the lower chamber (acetabulum) forms pressure difference between the segregated lower and upper chambers within the suction cup architecture. [49] This enhances suction stress to adhere strongly onto wet or underwater surfaces. The footpads of slugs are covered with structures of microscale compression waves with viscous mucus. This can be used to both lubricate a slug's movement over surfaces and facilitate the transfer of adhesive force to the engaged surfaces. [16,19,20,[50][51][52] Specifically, the mucus with interpenetrating positively charged chemistries produce pedal waves; this in all creates an adhesive and elastic dissipative matrix, and guides the movement of slugs on attached surfaces. [53] Hence, structural features within the as-mentioned organisms have built the platform of bioinspired adhesive systems for potential use in clean transfer systems, [54][55][56][57][58][59] soft robotics, [60,61] stimuli-responsive adhesives for dry or wet surfaces, [62][63][64] and various wearable devices with diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities. [65][66][67][68][69] Among various applications of bioinspired multiscale architectures, patches attachable to skin have been of high interest (Figure 1b). Human skin, the outermost organ of the human The attachment phenomena of various hierarchical architectures found in nature have extensively drawn attention for developing highly biocompatible adhesive on skin or wet inner organs without any chemical glue. Structural adhesive sy...

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“…[ 858 ] Typical electrophysiological signals exhibit a wide frequency regime from 1 Hz to a few kHz and a voltage range from 1 μV to 1 V. [ 859 ] To monitor such weak biopotentials, wearable electrodes should have high electrical conductivities to ensure high signal‐to‐noise ratios, superior mechanical properties for good self‐adhesion on the human skin, and low motion artifacts for precise biopotentials monitoring. [ 860,861 ] The skin–electrode interface plays an essential role in the biosignal detecting process, which can transduce time‐dependent ionic flows of the human body into detectable electrical signals. [ 817 ] Skin–electrode interfaces will affect the electrical impedance and contribute a significant part of the noises.…”

Section: Additively Manufactured Smart Wearable Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Human-integrated devices include wearable and implantable devices for monitoring vital human signals or interacting with the human body. [1-3] The human-integrated devices needed to be tethered to the organs or the human skin for implementing their functions such as sensing and energy harvesting. [4-18] The economical, agile, customizable manufacturing, and integration of multifunctional device modules into networked systems with mechanical compliance and robustness will enable unprecedented human-integrated smart wearables [19-23] and usher in exciting opportunities in emerging technologies such as electronics, [24-29] wearable computation, [30-36] human-machine interface, [37-42] robotics, [43-48] and advanced healthcare. [49-54] The fabrication of stateof-the-art microelectronics involves hightemperature processing steps, which are generally incompatible with the flexible substrates (e.g., paper, polymer, fiber, etc.) [55-61] widely used in the wearable devices. Moreover, the current microfabrication technologies are not well positioned to process the emerging functional nanomaterials (e.g., nanowires [NWs] and 2D materials). [62-65] Such incomparability severely limits the pace of deploying these emerging materials (despite their unprecedented properties) in wearable and flexible device technologies. The additive manufacturing (AM) processes have emerged as potential candidates for addressing the earlier limitations of the current microfabrication technologies in fabricating flexible/wearable printed devices with diversified functionalities, e.g., energy harvesting/storage, sensing, actuation, and computation, leveraging advantages such as maskless processing, versatile ink formulation, low cost, low processing temperature, and scalability. [66-71] Researchers have devoted tremendous efforts to develop the related technologies, and several reviews have provided excellent discussions on the material formulation and process aspects of AM techniques. [63,72-79] However, to our best knowledge, there are few review reports about the ink-based additive nanomanufacturing of functional materials for human-integrated smart wearables. To fill this gap, here we review the recent progress in ink-based

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Silicone‐Based Adhesives with Highly Tunable Adhesion Force for Skin‐Contact Applications

Cited by 43 publications

References 41 publications

Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: From Healthcare Monitoring to Sports Analytics

Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: From Healthcare Monitoring to Sports Analytics

Bioinspired Adhesive Architectures: From Skin Patch to Integrated Bioelectronics

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

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