Silikate im Pflanzenschutz: Elektrostatische Applikation und Abhängigkeit der Wirksamkeit von der Schichtdicke

Ulrichs, Christian; Mucha-Pelzer, Tanja; Scobel, Ekkehard; Kretschmer, Lothar; Bauer, Rudolf; Bauer, Erich; Mewis, Inga

doi:10.1007/s10343-008-0176-4

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This emphasizes a possible repellent effect resulting from the silica formulations. A positive silica dust layer thickness and insect mortality correlation was found in an earlier study (Ulrichs et al, 2008a). Likewise, a positive correlation between dose and mortality has been established by many authors in stored product pro-tection (Arnaud et al, 2005;Athanassiou, 2006;Ceruti and Lazzari, 2005;Kavallieratos et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Insecticidal Effects of Different Application Techniques for Silica Dusts in Plant Protection on Phaedon cochleariae Fab. and Pieris brassicae L.

Mucha-Pelzer¹,

Bauer²,

Scobel³

et al. 2010

horts

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Since the 1900s, diatomaceous earth (DE) has been used as an alternative to chemical insecticides in stored product protection. New silica and DE formulations offer expanded possibilities for use in horticultural crops. However, many crop pests are found on the leaf underside and this is especially challenging when using silica because the substance must have direct contact with the insect to be effective. We tested three application techniques with three formulations of silica to evaluate their efficacy against different developmental stages of mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae Fab.) and the cabbage worm of the large white butterfly (Pieris brassicae L.) on the host plant species pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis L.). Formulations were applied manually with a powder blower, with an electrostatic spray gun, and in a closed chamber also working with electrostatic forces. The silica formulations used in the biotests were Fossil Shield 90.0s®, AE R974®, and a formulation developed at Humboldt University Berlin called AL-06-109. All formulations contained at least 60% silicon dioxide. Significant differences in efficacy were detected with different application methods and/or silica formulations. AL-06-109 electrostatic cabin-applied was the most effective combination. All formulations, if applied electrostatically, resulted in good coverage and in high plant protection against insect pests. Dusts applied manually were unevenly distributed and easily removed by wind from leaf surfaces. Electrostatic application with a spray gun resulted in even particle distribution on plants, but overspray was high. To accomplish even coverage without wasting so much active material, an enclosed mobile chamber with an electrostatic spray system and an attached exhaust system was developed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…1) was more uniform. The upperside had sufficient coverage to have an insecticidal effect on the insects as proven by Ulrichs et al (2008a). However, the underside did not have an adequate film to form a fully protective layer for the plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal Effects of Different Application Techniques for Silica Dusts in Plant Protection on Phaedon cochleariae Fab. and Pieris brassicae L.

Mucha-Pelzer¹,

Bauer²,

Scobel³

et al. 2010

horts

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“…Nevertheless, not all substances reacted at the same intensity of indole GS induction, which could be explained by the dense coverage with the white-colored dusts FS90.0s and AE R974. The dust Surround, which led to a higher indole GS accumulation in pak choi, was found to be electrostatically charged with problems; because the surface resistance was low, coverage was insufficient (46). In other words, sufficient sunlight was able to reach the leaf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Glucosinolate and Flavonoid Contents and Composition of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt to Silica Formulations Used as Insecticides

Mucha-Pelzer

Mewis

Ulrichs

2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Silica-based substances have increased in popularity in recent years as alternative insecticides in horticultural crop protection. However, no research has been conducted into the influence of silica on plant biochemistry. Formulations (Fossil Shield 90.0s, AE R974, AL-06-109, Surround) were applied electrostatically on pak choi. Plants were harvested on two dates to measure immediate (first) and decelerated (second) influence, as well as recovery following the removal of silica formulations. The predominant individual glucosinolate (GS) in pak choi Black Behi was 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl GS. A significant increase in total glucosinolate contents in all treatments was measured from the first to second harvest. During the first harvest, no changes in glucosinolate levels in plants were found in any of the treatments. After a 48 h recovery period, two substances showed decreased amounts for indole GS compared to the control. Flavonoids (kaempferol and isorhamnetin) decreased from the first to second harvest. Kaempferol in particular decreased in treated plants from the first to second harvest date. The shading of leaves by silica mainly caused the decrease in secondary metabolites in treated plants. Treatments with silica formulations as an alternative insecticide cause shifts in the composition and contents of bioactive secondary metabolites in Brassica rapa spp. chinensis plants and should, therefore, be used with care to control insects.

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“…The contents of O 2 and CO 2 of air were measured and kept constant by addition and/or removal of O 2 and CO 2 to and/or from air so that the gas change efficiency of the plants is unaltered. With this modification, a correct measurement of photosynthesis and transpiration efficiency of the plants was possible [15,16] . Experiments have been repeated eight times using a maximum of three plants each time in the BIOBOX.…”

Section: Application Of Pm Onto Plant Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coal Fly Ash and Silica-Effect of Fine Particulate Matter Deposits on <i>Brassica chinensis</i>

Ulrichs¹,

Schmidt²,

Mucha-Pelzer³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: One focus in recent atmospheric pollution research is on fine Particle Matter (PM), especially as result of increasing traffic and anthropogenic activity in urban areas. Here, the impact on animal and human health has been in the center of many studies. Despite the fact that PM depositions can affect plants on the long term, there are only few studies about the impact on plants conducted. Approach: Therefore we studied the impact of PM on plants, using naturally occurring silica dusts (diatomaceous earth) and hard Coal Fly Ash (CFA) from burning processes. Dusts were applied onto Brassica chinensis L. using a simple duster (covering upper leaf surfaces) or electrostatically (covering leaf upper and -underside). Results: Main components of the tested CFA are SO 4 2-, K, Ca and NH 4+ . The pH value of eluates was found to be around 9.5 in CFA and 5.7 in silica. B. chinensis was insensitive towards the high pH and showed no growth reduction when grown in silica or CFA substrate. PM deposition on leaf surfaces results through shading in a reduced photosynthetic activity. The reduction is relatively higher at higher light intensities. Photosynthesis stays reduced after removal of silica PM from leaf surfaces. We assume that stomata get cloaked by small particles and that silica absorbs lipids from the epicuticle resulting in a general stress reaction. Smaller sized silica particles resulted in a higher reduction of CO 2 -absorption. Next to particle size is the photosynthesis negatively correlated with exposure time for silica PM. The chlorophyll fluorescence data indicate that dust-covered leaves exhibited significantly lower quantum yield of PS II and a reduced quantum efficiency of PS II and therefore supported the gas exchange data. Conclusion: Reduced photosynthetic performance would be expected to reduce growth and productivity of B. chinensis. In contrast to silica hard coal fly ash showed only a reduction of photosynthesis through shading but did not have any long time effects after washing them off.

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Silikate im Pflanzenschutz: Elektrostatische Applikation und Abhängigkeit der Wirksamkeit von der Schichtdicke

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Insecticidal Effects of Different Application Techniques for Silica Dusts in Plant Protection on Phaedon cochleariae Fab. and Pieris brassicae L.

Insecticidal Effects of Different Application Techniques for Silica Dusts in Plant Protection on Phaedon cochleariae Fab. and Pieris brassicae L.

Response of Glucosinolate and Flavonoid Contents and Composition of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt to Silica Formulations Used as Insecticides

Hard Coal Fly Ash and Silica-Effect of Fine Particulate Matter Deposits on <i>Brassica chinensis</i>

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