Silk fibroin hydrogel: A novel biopolymer for sustained release of vancomycin drug for diabetic wound healing

Visible-Light Cross-Linkable Multifunctional Hydrogels Loaded with Exosomes Facilitate Full-Thickness Skin Defect Wound Healing through Participating in the Entire Healing Process

“…Damage to the skin or organs often leads to uncontrolled bleeding, and more than 30% of the global population succumbs to excessive bleeding during accidents and surgeries. − Moreover, hemostasis plays a crucial role in wound repair as it is essential for prompt and effective cessation of bleeding. , Among various hemostatic materials, cationic chitosan has demonstrated enhanced erythrocyte and platelet aggregation through electrostatic interactions. , Additionally, adhesive hydrogels offer physical sealing properties that effectively halt bleeding while also mitigating the risk of bacterial infection by adhering to the wound site as a physical barrier. , In nature, marine mussels rely on adhesives containing catechol groups to adhere to wet surfaces. , Hence, mussel-inspired biomimetic hydrogels can adhere to tissue surfaces via metal complexation, π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and covalent cross-linking mechanisms. , In addition to uncontrolled bleeding, full-thickness skin defect wounds are extremely susceptible to bacterial infections which further impede wound healing. Conventional antimicrobial hydrogel dressings typically rely on antibiotic loading for enhanced antibacterial efficacy. − Despite excellent antimicrobial effects, overuse of antibiotics can lead to toxic side effects and resistance development. , Alternatively, utilizing materials with inherent antimicrobial properties in dressing preparation could address issues related to antibiotic misuse and bacterial resistance. For instance, chitosan and polylysine not only possess antimicrobial activity but also exhibit good biocompatibility along with promotion of hemostasis and wound healing.…”