Silk fibroin nanoparticles and β–tricalcium phosphate loaded tissue engineered gelatin bone scaffolds: A Nature-based, low-cost solution

Abstract

Tissue engineering has recently attracted attention as an alternative to traditional treatment methods for tissue and organ damage. Since bone is one of the most important vital parts of the body, the treatment of bone damage is important. Silk fibroin is a natural polymer with properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, which attracts attention with its controlled release, especially in drug delivery systems. In this study, gelatin-based scaffolds loaded with silk fibroin nanoparticles and β -tricalcium phosphate (β -TCP) were developed to be used as a potential drug delivery system in bone tissue engineering. The chosen nanoparticle formulation has a 294 nm average diameter with a 0.380 polidispersity index (PDI). In vitro characterization of scaffolds was performed by mechanical, morphological characterization, swelling capacity, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurements, and biocompatibility was evaluated by cell culture studies. Swelling index, tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young modulus of the β -TCP and silk nanoparticles loaded scaffold were found as 456%, 1.476 MPa, 6.75%, and 24 MPa, respectively. In vitro cell culture studies have shown that scaffolds prepared in the present study can accelerate osteoblast differentiation and increase the healing rate of bone tissues. In addition, they have the potential to be used as a drug delivery system in bone tissue engineering that needs to be evaluated with further studies.

Design, In Vitro Evaluation and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Additive Manufacturing Three-Dimensional Printing of β beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

“…Cortical layercovered specimens gave a Young's modulus of 24.9-240 MPa (mean: 96.2 MPa, standard variation: 40.6 MPa), while those with a machined surface gave 3.5-125.6 MPa (mean: 56.0 MPa, standard variation: 29.6 MPa). Other authors report similar results [36].…”

“…The cortical bone and the trabecular bone, for example, have a tensile strength of 172 and 1.6 MPa, respectively. Young's modulus is highly correlated with the stiffness of the material [36].…”