Silver and Silver Nanoparticles for the Potential Treatment of COVID-19: A Review

Arjun, Phalalochanan Nair Jayapal; Sankar, Bipin; Shankar, Karthik V.; Kulkarni, Naveen V.; Sivasankaran, S.; Shankar, Balakrishnan

doi:10.3390/coatings12111679

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…48 Algal powder (1 mg) was dissolved in 2 mL of distilled water, boiled at 60 °C for 20 min and filtered using filter paper. Then, 2 mL of algal filtrate was mixed with 1 mL of 1 mM AgNO 3 at pH 5.5 and incubated for 24 h. The authors also controlled three optimization parameters including temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 °C), pH (3.5, 5.5, 7.5 and 9.5), and (1,12,24,48, and 72 h). These scholars found that optimum conditions for synthesizing AgNPs were a temperature of 60 °C, pH 5.5, and time period of 72 h. 5).…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical and chemical methods are the most commonly used routes for fabricating NPs however their limitations such as high production costs, low scalability, energy consumption, and high-yield toxic substances limit their use. 1 , 2 To overcome these tackles, researchers have begun to use green synthesis to produce metals in nanoform. Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the most reliable and sustainable techniques for NP production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nostoc muscorum Lukesova 2/91: Optimization, Characterization, and Biological Applications

Hamida,

Ali,

Sharif

et al. 2023

IJN

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Purpose The biological synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has become a new methodology for the eco-friendly production of NPs with high scalability and biocompatibility. Cyanobacteria are one of the most widespread microorganisms on Earth and have been proven to be successful biofactories for synthesizing NPs. It is challenging to discover new microalgae with the potential to synthesize NPs of small size with high stability. Methods Nostoc muscorum Lukesova 2/91 was isolated, purified, and identified morphologically and genetically using microscopy and DNA sequencing. Volatile biomolecules in aqueous algal extracts were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results Data showed that the main biomolecules were fatty acids and their esters, followed by secondary metabolites. Algal extract was used to convert silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) into silver NPs under various optimized parameters. 1 mM of AgNO 3 , 1:1 (V/V ratio of algal extract to AgNO 3 ), 25 °C, under light illumination, for 24 h, at pH 7.4 were the optimum conditions for NP production (Nos@AgNPs). Nos@AgNPs were characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM, EDx, mapping, and a Zetasizer. The wavelength of Nos@AgNPs was 401.4 nm and their shapes were cubic to oval, with an average diameter of 11.8 ± 0.5 nm. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that proteins/polysaccharides could be the main reductants, whereas these molecules and/or fatty acids could be stabilizers for NP synthesis. Nos@AgNPs (86.15%) was silver and had a hydrodynamic diameter of 10.7 nm with a potential charge of −19.7 mV. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of Nos@AgNPs were evaluated. Nos@AgNPs exhibited significant inhibitory activity against lung, colon, and breast cancer cells and considerable biocidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Conclusion N. muscorum Lukesova 2/91 is an excellent source for the biofabrication of small and stable AgNPs with potent inhibitory effects against cancer and bacterial cells.

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Section: Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nostoc muscorum Lukesova 2/91: Optimization, Characterization, and Biological Applications

Hamida,

Ali,

Sharif

et al. 2023

IJN

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“…Regarding antiviral activity, AgNPs have unique virus-targeting characteristics and can easily bind to viral surface glycoproteins [ 13 ]. Then, AgNPs can enter the virus cells to exhibit virucidal activity by attacking the viral genome [ 14 ]. Given the antiviral and virucidal potential of AgNPs, some studies have investigated their inhibition application in PPE and CPE [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanoparticles In Situ Synthesized and Incorporated in Uniaxial and Core–Shell Electrospun Nanofibers to Inhibit Coronavirus

de Freitas,

Souza,

Jacinto

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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In the present study, we sought to develop materials applicable to personal and collective protection equipment to mitigate SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, AgNPs were synthesized and stabilized into electrospinning nanofiber matrices (NMs) consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CHT), and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Uniaxial nanofibers of PVA and PVA/CHT were developed, as well as coaxial nanofibers of PCL[PVA/CHT], in which the PCL works as a shell and the blend as a core. A crucial aspect of the present study is the in situ synthesis of AgNPs using PVA as a reducing and stabilizing agent. This process presents few steps, no additional toxic reducing agents, and avoids the postloading of drugs or the posttreatment of NM use. In general, the in situ synthesized AgNPs had an average size of 11.6 nm, and the incorporated nanofibers had a diameter in the range of 300 nm, with high uniformity and low polydispersity. The NM’s spectroscopic, thermal, and mechanical properties were appropriate for the intended application. Uniaxial (PVA/AgNPs and PVA/CHT/AgNPs) and coaxial (PCL[PVA/CHT/AgNPs]) NMs presented virucidal activity (log’s reduction ≥ 5) against mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-3) genus Betacoronavirus strains. In addition to that, the NMs did not present cytotoxicity against fibroblast cells (L929 ATCC® CCL-1TM lineage).

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“…It was concluded that AgNPs are strongly bound to the SARS-CoV-2 virus eliminating its binding on the host cell. This may lead to virus death [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Analytical Techniques for the Determination and Separation of Silver Ions and Its Nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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Many articles have already been published dealing with silver ions and its nanoparticles, but mostly from the environmental and toxicological point of view. This article is a review focused on the various analytical techniques and detection platforms used in the separation and determination of mentioned above species, especially on the trace concentration level. Commonly used are optical methods because of their high sensitivity and easy automation. The separation methods are mainly used for the separation and preconcentration of silver particles. Their combination with other analytical techniques, mainly inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) leads to very low detection limits of analysis. The electrochemical methods are also powerful and perspective mainly because of the fabrication of new sensors designed for silver determination. All methods may be combined with each other to achieve a synergistic improvement of analytical parameters with an impact on sensitivity, selectivity and reliability. The paper comprises a review of all three types of analytical methods on the determination of trace quantities of silver ions and its nanoparticles.

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Silver and Silver Nanoparticles for the Potential Treatment of COVID-19: A Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 141 publications

Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nostoc muscorum Lukesova 2/91: Optimization, Characterization, and Biological Applications

Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nostoc muscorum Lukesova 2/91: Optimization, Characterization, and Biological Applications

Silver Nanoparticles In Situ Synthesized and Incorporated in Uniaxial and Core–Shell Electrospun Nanofibers to Inhibit Coronavirus

A Review of Analytical Techniques for the Determination and Separation of Silver Ions and Its Nanoparticles

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