Silver linings in the face of temptations: how mixed emotions promote self-control efforts in response to goal conflict

Berrios, Raúl; Totterdell, Peter; Kellett, Stephen

doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9707-1

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Similarly, here, I propose that paradoxical events are typically those that elicit complex emotions. This assertion has found support in a number of recent studies showing that conflicting goals (e.g., wanting to finish your duties at the office, while at the same time wanting to get home earlier for a family dinner) typically yield the experience of mixed emotions (Berrios et al, 2015a, 2018a,b).…”

Section: What Is Emotional In Emotional Complexity?mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For example, regarding the differentiation of mixed emotions and meta-emotions, it is vital to justify under which circumstance people are more probable to experience mixed emotions or meta-emotions (if they are different). Mixed emotions have mostly been observed in the context of goal conflict (Berrios et al, 2015a, 2018b), whereas meta-emotional experiences are more likely when people are paying more considerable attention to emotion (Bailen et al, 2018). These previous studies may suggest that mixed emotions are more instrumental experiences that respond to conflicting demands or expectations, whereas meta-emotions are more self-monitoring experiences that result from appraising our behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Is Complex/Emotional About Emotional Complexity?

Berrios

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Affective experiences can fluctuate, be combined, and fused, resulting in various phenomena labeled as being emotionally complex. Despite the lack of a common theoretical framework, several phenomena including mixed emotions, emodiversity, meta-emotions, awe, among several others, have been defined as being emotionally complex. In this conceptual analysis, I aim to integrate the diversity of emotional complexity by describing various phenomena associated with this construct. This integration offers a more comprehensive panorama of the current usage of the concept of emotional complexity compared to previous attempts to consolidate the field. Furthermore, this conceptual analysis intends to disentangle the emotional fingerprints of emotional complexity. In particular, I present evidence and arguments showing that complex emotions can be characterized as having specific facial expressions, appraisals, and functional significance. Finally, I suggest that it is possible to describe emotional complexity using concepts and properties from the complex systems theory. Concepts such as the hierarchical organization of the affect system and emergent self-organization are used to explain current evidence on emotional complexity. I explain that applying complex systems theory to emotional complexity is not only theoretically convenient, but that complex systems theory also serves to advance new forms to conceptualize the affect system. The current conceptual analysis can help to organize current research and theory in order to encourage new research endeavors in the field of emotional complexity and acknowledge the importance of emotional complexity in models of affect, for which I suggest some specific guidelines.

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Section: What Is Emotional In Emotional Complexity?mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is Complex/Emotional About Emotional Complexity?

Berrios

2019

Front. Psychol.

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“…Current studies investigating mixed emotions in real-life do not investigate judgement accuracy (e.g., Berrios et al, 2018b) or describe the instances instigating mixed emotions (e.g., Podoynitsyna et al, 2012). Thus, our aim in the present study is to determine whether mixed emotions influence people's judgements during a massive sport event, the FIFA World Cup 2018.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Mixed emotions are commonly triggered during situations involving goal conflict or personal dilemmas (Berrios et al, 2015b(Berrios et al, , 2018aHadley, 2014;Schniter et al, 2015). Furthermore, recent research shows that mixed emotions are associated with greater effort to resist temptations, suggesting a relationship between mixed emotions and self-control (Berrios et al, 2018b). A growing literature suggests that mixed emotions may also improve the accuracy of individuals' judgements (e.g., Rees et al, 2013).…”

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The impact of mixed emotions on judgements: a naturalistic study during the FIFA world cup

Hostler

Berrios

2020

Cognition and Emotion

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Experiencing mixed emotions, a combination of two oppositely-valenced emotions, has been shown to reduce bias in decision making and improve the accuracy of judgements made.However, most previous research has been limited to laboratory-based experiments. In this preregistered study, we looked at mixed emotions and judgements in the naturalistic context of watching sport during the FIFA world cup. N=80 participants reported on mixed emotions before and after each England game during the World Cup, and made score predictions for each game, collecting a total of k = 480 observations. We used a lagged-effect design and multilevel modelling to analyse the data. We found that participants who felt more mixed emotions at the end of a match made significantly more likely score predictions in the following match, indicating that experiencing stronger mixed emotions subsequently predicted more reasonable judgements. This result was supported even after controlling for a number of affective, attitudinal, and socio-demographic variables. This provides evidence that naturally occurring mixed emotions are related to improved real-world judgements. The evidence is discussed through the lens of fantasy realization theory, and the importance of feeling mixed during decisions involving puzzling or uncertain outcomes is emphasized.

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“…Recent research has looked at the motivating influence of a mixed emotional response finding that mixed emotions signal goal conflict (Berrios, Totterdell, and Kellett 2015) and this mixed affective response may effectively facilitate self-control efforts (Berrios, Totterdell, and Kellett 2018). In the health domain, research has demonstrated both the likelihood of mixed emotions in response to health messaging and a positive motivational impact of the mixed emotional experience on behavioral change (Myrick and Oliver 2015).…”

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Adding Regret to Fear Appeals: When the Going Gets Difficult, Regret Gets Action

Passyn¹

2019

Journal of Consumer Affairs

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In accord with Protection Motivation Theory, this article finds fear appeals ineffective at motivating health protection behaviors perceived to be difficult; when task difficulty is high, there is a decrease in perceptions of self‐efficacy and a reduction in health protection behaviors. This research examines a novel way to motivate health protection when task difficulty is salient by adding regret to fear appeals. The inclusion of regret, an emotion that motivates corrective behavioral change, bolsters self‐efficacy and enhances health protection intentions. In fact, even when task difficulty is made salient, self‐efficacy and behavioral intentions remain strong in the fear plus regret condition. Thus, in contrast to straight fear appeals, adding regret to fear appeals results in a reversal effect enhancing self‐efficacy and behavioral intentions when task difficulty is made salient. This research highlights the independence of task difficulty, self‐efficacy, and the role of regret in motivating difficult health protection behaviors.

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Silver linings in the face of temptations: how mixed emotions promote self-control efforts in response to goal conflict

Abstract: Silver linings in the face of temptations: How mixed emotions promote self-control efforts in response to goal conflict. Motivation and Emotion.

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

What Is Complex/Emotional About Emotional Complexity?

What Is Complex/Emotional About Emotional Complexity?

The impact of mixed emotions on judgements: a naturalistic study during the FIFA world cup

Adding Regret to Fear Appeals: When the Going Gets Difficult, Regret Gets Action

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