Silver methods applied to semithin sections to identify peptide‐producing endocrine cells

López, Jesús García; Rada, O; Sesma, P.; Vázquez, J. J.

doi:10.1002/ar.1092050411

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Direct innervation of pulmonary NEBs was observed in humans (Lauweryns et al, 1970) and many mammalian species, such as mice (Wasano, 1977; Wasano and Yamamoto, 1981), rats (Van Lommel and Lauweryns, 1993a), hamsters (Sorokin and Hoyt, 1989), rabbits (Lauweryns et al, 1972; Lauweryns and Van Lommel, 1987; Sorokin and Hoyt, 1989; Adriaensen and Scheuermann, 1993), and cats (Van Lommel and Lauweryns, 1993b). In birds, similar NEB/nerve contacts were reported in the lungs of chickens (Cook and King, 1969; Walsh and McLelland, 1978; Wasano and Yamamoto, 1979; López et al, 1983), pigeons (McLelland and MacFarlane, 1986), and quails (Adriaensen et al, 1994). In lower vertebrates, direct innervation was shown in reptiles, such as turtles (Scheuermann et al, 1983), lizards (Ravazzola and Orci, 1981), and snakes (Wasano and Yamamoto, 1976); in amphibia, such as newts (Scheuermann et al, 1989; Goniakowska‐Witalinska et al, 1992; Adriaensen and Scheuermann, 1993), frogs (Wasano and Yamamoto, 1978; Goniakowska‐Witalinska, 1981), and toads (Rogers and Haller, 1980; Goniakowska‐Witalinska et al, 1990); and in lungfish (Dipnoi) (Adriaensen et al, 1990).…”

Section: Literature Data and Classical Concepts About The Innervationmentioning

confidence: 56%

Functional morphology of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies: Extremely complex airway receptors

et al. 2002

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Innervated groups of neuroendocrine cells, called neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs), are diffusely spread in the epithelium of intrapulmonary airways in many species. Our present understanding of the morphology of NEBs in mammalian lungs is comprehensive, but none of the proposed functional hypotheses have been proven conclusively. In recent reviews on airway innervation, NEBs have been added to the list of presumed physiological lung receptors. Microscopic data on the innervation of NEBs, however, have given rise to conflicting interpretations. Using neuronal tracing, denervation, and immunostaining, we recently demonstrated that the innervation of NEBs is much more complex than the almost unique vagal nodose sensory innervation suggested by other authors. The aim of the present work is to summarize our present understanding about the origin and chemical coding of the profuse nerve terminals that selectively contact pulmonary NEBs. A thorough knowledge of the complex interactions between the neuroendocrine cells and at least five different nerve fiber populations is essential for defining the position Key words: NEBs; neuroepithelial bodies; innervation; airway receptors; lung; rat Highly specialized neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) , which consist of extensively innervated groups of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs), are normal components of the epithelium of intrapulmonary airways in humans, mammals, and all air-breathing vertebrate species investigated so far.The pulmonary neuroendocrine system was first reported more than 50 years ago (Fröhlich, 1949), but especially over the last 25 years detailed information has been provided about the distribution, ontogeny, and microscopic morphology of NEBs (for reviews see Scheuermann, 1987;Sorokin and Hoyt, 1989;Adriaensen and Scheuermann, 1993;Sorokin et al., 1997).PNECs belong to the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) (Pearse and Takor Takor, 1979), members of which have been assigned important roles in the peripheral control of various organs. The pulmonary DNES in healthy lungs appears to be characterized by the production of amines and several neuropeptides, including serotonin (5-HT), bombesin (gastrin-releasing peptide), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin, enkephalin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, and substance P (SP) (for reviews see Sorokin and Hoyt, 1989; Scheuermann et al., 1992;Adriaensen and Scheuermann, 1993). These bioactive substances are stored in secretory granules (60 -200 nm diameter) with typical endocrine-like characteristics, the so-called dense-cored vesicles (DCVs).Interestingly, PNECs are by far the first cell type to fully differentiate in the human airway epithelium (before

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Section: Literature Data and Classical Concepts About The Innervationmentioning

confidence: 56%

Functional morphology of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies: Extremely complex airway receptors

et al. 2002

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“…These hormones are stored in secretory granules in APUD cells of lung and gut (Capella et al 1978). On the basis of the fine structural characteristics of secretory granules, a few types of endocrine cells have been identified in chicken lung (Cook and King 1969;Walsh and McLelland 1978;López et al 1983;Cook et al 1986). The existence of immunoreactive bombesin, somatostatin, or serotonin cells in the epithelial layer of avian lung was reported by Adriaensen et al (1994), and the majority of the neuroepithelial endocrine cells was distributed on the BM of the epithelium, lacking direct contact with the luminal surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (ir-LH) cells in the lung and stomach of chick embryos

Shirasawa

Shiino

Shimizu

et al. 1995

Cell and Tissue Research

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Luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactivity was detected in the lung and stomach of chick embryos by the immunoperoxidase staining technique using specific antiserum to chicken LH. Immunoreactive LH (ir-LH) cells first appeared in the primordial cells of the epithelial layer of lung bud and foregut as well as of Rathke s pouch in the 3-day-old embryo, Hamburger and Hamilton stage 21. Ir-LH cells increased in number with advancing age of embryos in the lung, stomach, and pituitary gland. In the lung of 7-day-old embryos, stage 31, the ir-LH cells were distributed in the epithelium of primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi, and their shapes were pseudostratified columnar, simple columnar, and simple cuboidal, depending on their sites in the intrapulmonary airway. Ir-LH cells were more numerous in the median part than in the lateral part of the lung, and the population in the epithelial layer of entobronchi of the secondary bronchi was 4 times higher than that in ectobronchi and laterobronchi of the secondary bronchi and in the primary bronchi. The immunoreactive products were found, either in the entire cell or in the apical part, facing the lumina of bronchi. In the stomach, ir-LH cells were found in the epithelial layer of gastric glands. No ir-LH cells were observed in interstitial regions, which consisted of mesenchymal cells and blood vessels, in the lung and stomach tissues. With advancing age, ir-LH cells changed their shapes to flat or squamous, coincident with the formation of parabronchi. Other pituitary hormones were not observed immunohistochemically in either the lung or stomach before hatching. Preabsorption of the antiserum against avian LH with the purified chicken LH or the extract of pituitaries from 10-day-old embryos completely destroyed the immunoreactivity to the cells in the lung and the pituitary. A single band of the immunoreaction products, whose molecular weight was around 25 K daltons, was shown by the immunostaining of nitrocellulose membrane transblotted after sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified pituitary LH, extracts of pituitaries from 10-day-old embryos, and the extracts of lungs from 7-, 10-, and 14-day-old chick embryos. These results demonstrated that ir-LH cells are present in extrapituitary tissues, and may play an important role during the development of chick embryonic lung and stomach.

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“…In many vertebrates, including domestic fowls (Cook and King, 1969;King et al, 1974;Wasano and Yamamoto, 1979;Lopez et al, 1983) intraepithelial axons packed with mitochondria and some small clear vesicles, revealing asymmetric synaptic contacts with NEE cells, showing a n accumulation of dense-cored vesicles near cone-shaped dense projections of its surface membrane, have been described. In the pigeon, no accumulation of vesicles was seen and asymmetric thickening of the synaptic membranes was unclear (McLelland and MacFarlane, 1986).…”

Section: Electron-microscopical Lmmunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports on birds are, however, scarce. 0 1994 WILEY-LISS, INC Innervated NEE cells have been identified in chicks and adult chickens (Cook and King, 1969;King et al, 1974;Walsh and McLelland, 1974;Wasano and Yamamoto, 1979;Lopez et al, 1983;Cook et al, 1986). These NEE cells occurred singly, or when grouped, clearly separated from one another in the trachea, extrapulmonary bronchi and intrapulmonary primary and secondary bronchi.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The pulmonary neuroepithelial endocrine system in the quail, Coturnix coturnix. Light‐ and electron‐microscopical immunocytochemistry and morphology

et al. 1994

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Despite extensive knowledge of the neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) system in the lungs of species of various vertebrate classes, data on avians are limited. The present investigation deals with the light- and electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry and morphology of pulmonary NEE cells in the quail, Coturnix coturnix. Light-microscopically, serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in numerous solitary and clustered NEE cells located in the cilio-mucous epithelium of primary and secondary bronchi in adult as well as in newly hatched quails. Only in newly hatched quails could a small number of bombesin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactive NEE cells be demonstrated. Electron-microscopical morphology revealed that NEE cells contained dense-cored vesicles of a wide range of diameters and electron densities. Nearly all of the NEE cells were seen to rest on the basement membrane of the cilio-mucous epithelium, lacking direct contact with the luminal surface. Nerve varicosities or nerve endings, of both afferent and efferent morphological appearance, were found directly apposed to the basal portion of NEE cells, invaginating between NEE cells or between NEE cells and adjacent epithelial cells. Often, synaptic specializations could be recognized between NEE cells and nerve terminals. Electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry confirmed that the intraepithelial serotonin-containing cells correspond to the cells with NEE characteristics. Moreover, two types of NEE cells could be distinguished in newly hatched quail lungs. Both types showed serotonin immunoreactivity selectively distributed over the dense-cored vesicles, but somatostatin- and bombesin-like immunoreactivities were only noted in one of the NEE cell types and were never seen colocalized. Thus, the avian NEE system too, harbors at least three different bioactive substances and has a morphology comparable to that of mammals, reptiles and amphibians.

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Silver methods applied to semithin sections to identify peptide‐producing endocrine cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Functional morphology of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies: Extremely complex airway receptors

Functional morphology of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies: Extremely complex airway receptors

Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (ir-LH) cells in the lung and stomach of chick embryos

The pulmonary neuroepithelial endocrine system in the quail, Coturnix coturnix. Light‐ and electron‐microscopical immunocytochemistry and morphology

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