Silver modified cadmium oxide – A novel material for enhanced photodegradation of malachite green

Assessment of Lewis‐Acidic Surface Sites Using Tetrahydrofuran as a Suitable and Smart Probe Molecule

“…All patterns of pure MoO 3 and mixed oxide samples a‐d showed a group of sharp diffractions of orthorhombic MoO 3 (α‐MoO 3 , JCPDS#35‐0609) at 2θ=12.77, 23.31, 25.75, 27.30, 29.43, 33.75, 35.45, 39.32, 46.51 and 49.37° which correspond to (020), (110), (040), (021), (130), (111), (041), (060), (061) and (002) crystal facets (α‐MoO 3 , JCPDS#35‐0609). [ 20 , 21 ] On the other hand, the XRD pattern of CdO clearly displayed five very strong diffraction peaks at 2θ=33.07° (111), 38.34° (200), 55.30° (220), 65.96° (311) and 69.26° (222) which belong to face‐centred system (Monteponite CdO, JCPDS # 5‐0640) as shown in Figure 1 e.[ 22 , 23 ] Three distinct diffraction peaks can be observed in patterns b‐d of mixed MoO 3 ‐CdO samples at 2θ=29.25° (112), 31.99° (004) and 34.38° (200), which could be related to the formation of tetragonal phase CdMoO 4 in these mixtures (JCPDS # 07–0209). [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] The crystallite size of the obtained different phases in these samples, that is, α‐MoO 3 , CdO and CdMoO 4 , was calculated using the Scherrer equation.…”

“…[20,21] On the other hand, the XRD pattern of CdO clearly displayed five very strong diffraction peaks at 2θ = 33.07°(111), 38.34°(200), 55.30°(220), 65.96°(311) and 69.26°(222) which belong to face-centred system (Monteponite CdO, JCPDS # 5-0640) as shown in Figure 1e. [22,23] Three distinct diffraction peaks can be observed in patterns b-d of mixed MoO 3 -CdO samples at 2θ = 29.25°(112), 31.99°(004) and 34.38°( 200), which could be related to the formation of tetragonal phase CdMoO 4 in these mixtures (JCPDS # 07-0209). [24][25][26] The crystallite size of the obtained different phases in these samples, that is, α-MoO 3 , CdO and CdMoO 4 , was calculated using the Scherrer equation.…”

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“…To investigate photocatalytic activity of CDC, the experiments were conducts under different operational conditions including; irradiation time (0-180 min), initial dye concentration (2-10 mg/L), photocatalyst dosage (0.04-0.14 g) and dye solution temperature (25-45 °C). The photocatalysis experiments were carried out in triplicate and the percentage degradation of MG was estimated using the following equation [36];…”

“…This observed decrease in the percentage degradation might be due the fact that, increasing the photocatalyst amount will result in increasing the turbidity of the suspension and leading to a reduction in the penetration of UV light as a result of light scattering effect [41,42]. Table 1 represents the percentage degradation of MG using different photocatalyst materials [3,36,[43][44][45]. As can be seen from the table, the proposed material (CDC) seems to be promising photocatalyst and can be used for the degredation of very toxic dyes.…”

“…In addition, highly reactive oxygen radicals ( • O2 − ) will be produced when the generated electrons (e − ) react with the surrounding atmospheric oxygen molecules (O2). These reactive species are responsible for MG photodegradation [7,36,46].…”