Electrolysis of ultrapure water in a two-electrode cell with silver anode and conductive substrate (Si wafer) as a cathode leads to the formation of nanostructured silver layers deposited on cathode. In the process, the silver anode is electrochemically dissolved to silver cations, which react with water (or OH • radicals derived from water electrolysis) forming silver oxide nanoparticles, which fill the interelectrode space by electrophoretic movement, diffusion and convection induced by temperature effects of electrolysis. During the process the silver oxide nanoparticles are partially transformed into silver nanoparticles. On the cathode, silver cations and silver / silver oxide nanoparticles undergo reduction to form nanostructured silver film. The results of the present study open a new, extremely simple and ultra-low cost way to prepare nanostructured silver films on conducting and semiconducting substrates. The prepared nanosilver coated silicon substrates exhibit high performances as amperometric sensors for hydrogen peroxide and also as SERS substrates.The marked progress in the development of efficient and reproducible synthetic routes of well separated and stable nanoparticles via size and shape engineering during the past decade 1,2 has been currently succeeded by intensive research efforts focused on the deposition of organized nanoparticles' assemblies on the surface of solid substrates, suitable for specific applications. 3,4 Deposition of nanostructured metallic layers (including noble metals) on conductive and/or semiconducting substrates is a specific issue of this research direction, 5 targeted into the development of novel, highly sensitive electrochemical and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors.Silver, especially in the form of nanoparticles, is a highly effective electrocatalyst for cathodic hydrogen peroxide sensing. Amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensors find their use in the design of biosensors based on oxidase enzymes, which yield hydrogen peroxide as a result of the oxidase catalyzed substrate oxidation by oxygen. For this purpose, sensors working in the cathodic region of potentials have an inherent advantage due to their insensitivity to easily oxidisable compounds (e.g. ascorbic acid, uric acid, polyphenols etc.), often present in high quantities in biological matrices. Monitoring hydrogen peroxide in industrial processes may require sensing high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide over extended periods of time. In our earlier work, 6 we demonstrated that porous silver layer coated electrodes are sufficiently stable (hours) to sense high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (up to 0.1 M) with sufficient linearity. Such an extended linear region of amperometric sensing is typical for nanoparticle coated surfaces, the linearity limit of bulk silver metal electrodes is ca. 20x lower.Nanostuctured metal films, of which silver films are of primary interest, also find an ideal application as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a highly sensitive and specific in...