“…Therefore, several approaches have been proposed to modify the optical and the electrical properties of TiO 2 [17,18]. Among those, doping with both metals such as Cu, Co., V, Fe, Cr [14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and nonmetals like N, H, C [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] aims to shift the absorption of TiO 2 from the UV region to the visible region and the effective utilization of the solar light spectrum.…”