Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Cellular Responses in Various Cell Lines: An in Vitro Model

Zhang, Xifeng; Shen, Wei; Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi

doi:10.3390/ijms17101603

Cited by 241 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, bacteria are less likely to develop resistance against Ag than against conventional antibiotics [19]. AgNPs have been widely used as antimicrobial agents against bacteria, fungi, and viruses [20,21]. AgNPs were reported as effective antibacterial agents against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Multiple Drug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Mastitis-Infected Goats: An Alternative Approach for Antimicrobial Therapy

Yuan

Peng

Gurunathan

2017

IJMS

Self Cite

270

177

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Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in various applications as antimicrobial agents, anticancer, diagnostics, biomarkers, cell labels, and drug delivery systems for the treatment of various diseases. Microorganisms generally acquire resistance to antibiotics through the course of antibacterial therapy. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has become a growing problem in the treatment of infectious diseases, and the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has resulted in the development of antibiotic resistance by numerous human and animal bacterial pathogens. As a result, an increasing number of microorganisms are resistant to multiple antibiotics causing continuing economic losses in dairy farming. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative, cost-effective, and efficient antimicrobial agents that overcome antimicrobial resistance. Here, AgNPs synthesized using the bio-molecule quercetin were characterized using various analytical techniques. The synthesized AgNPs were highly spherical in shape and had an average size of 11 nm. We evaluated the efficacy of synthesized AgNPs against two MDR pathogenic bacteria, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which were isolated from milk samples produced by mastitis-infected goats. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were found to be 1 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. Our findings suggest that AgNPs exert antibacterial effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results from the present study demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of AgNPs is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and leakage of proteins and sugars in bacterial cells. Results of the present study showed that AgNP-treated bacteria had significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels compared to the control. Furthermore, AgNP-treated bacteria showed downregulated expression of glutathione (GSH), upregulation of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and downregulation of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). These physiological and biochemical measurements were consistently observed in AgNP-treated bacteria, thereby suggesting that AgNPs can induce bacterial cell death. Thus, the above results represent conclusive findings on the mechanism of action of AgNPs against different types of bacteria. This study also demonstrates the promising use of nanoparticles as antibacterial agents for use in the biotechnology and biomedical industry. Furthermore, this study is the first to propose the mode of action of AgNPs against MDR pathogens isolated from goats infected with subclinical mastitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Multiple Drug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Mastitis-Infected Goats: An Alternative Approach for Antimicrobial Therapy

Yuan

Peng

Gurunathan

2017

IJMS

Self Cite

270

177

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“…Additionally, AgNPs exhibit a longer half-life in the brain than they do in other organs. Given this tendency of AgNPs to reside in the brain for an extended period of time, these particles and the related dissolved ions pose considerable neurotoxic hazards (Panyala et al, 2008, Zhang et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascorbic acid (AA), a key antioxidant in the central nervous system, is stored in glial reservoirs and released into the synaptic cleft, where it is taken up by neurons. In addition, AA scavenges ROS generated during synaptic activity and neuronal metabolism (Covarrubias-Pinto et al, 2015, Zhang et al, 2016). However, AA also has many other roles beyond acting as an antioxidant scavenger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver nanoparticles induce neurotoxicity in a human embryonic stem cell-derived neuron and astrocyte network

Repar

Aguilar

et al. 2018

Nanotoxicology

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most extensively used nanoparticles and are found in a variety of products. This ubiquity leads to inevitable exposure to these particles in everyday life. However, the effects of AgNPs on neuron and astrocyte networks are still largely unknown. In this study, we used neurons and astrocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells as a cellular model to study the neurotoxicity that is induced by citrate-coated AgNPs (AgSCs). Immunostaining with the astrocyte and neuron markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), respectively, showed that exposure to AgSCs at the concentration of 0.1 µg/mL increased the astrocyte/neuron ratio. In contrast, a higher concentration of AgSCs (5.0 µg/ml) significantly changed the morphology of astrocytes. These results suggest that astrocytes are sensitive to AgSC exposure and that low concentrations of AgSCs promote astrogenesis. Furthermore, our results showed that AgSCs reduced neurite outgrowth, decreased the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin, and induced neurodegeneration in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings additionally suggest that the expression and phosphorylation status of MAP2 isoforms, as modulated by the activation of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3/caspase-3 signaling pathway, may play an important role in AgSC-mediated neurotoxicity. We also found that AgNO3 exposure only slightly reduced neurite outgrowth and had little effect on MAP2 expression, suggesting that AgSCs and AgNO3 have different neuronal toxicity mechanisms. In addition, most of these effects were reduced when the cell culture was co-treated with AgSCs and the antioxidant ascorbic acid, which implies that oxidative stress is the major cause of AgSC-mediated astrocytic/neuronal toxicity and that antioxidants may have a neuroprotective effect.

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“…The reason for the variability in the biological responses of different cell lines is a very complex issue. 35 Finally, since it is known that the protein corona can affect NP behavior, including toxicity profile, we analyzed protein coronas of MSNPs after incubation in culture medium with serum. The results showed that the protein-corona composition changed with varying MSNP size.…”

Section: Analysis Of Msnp Protein Coronas By Sds-pagementioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles trigger mitophagy in endothelial cells and perturb neuronal network activity in a size- and time-dependent manner

Orlando¹,

Cazzaniga²,

Tringali³

et al. 2017

IJN

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Purpose Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are excellent candidates for biomedical applications and drug delivery to different human body areas, the brain included. Although toxicity at cellular level has been investigated, we are still far from using MSNPs in the clinic, because the mechanisms involved in the cellular responses activated by MSNPs have not yet been elucidated. Materials and methods This study used an in vitro multiparametric approach to clarify relationships among size, dose, and time of exposure of MSNPs (0.05–1 mg/mL dose range), and cellular responses by analyzing the morphology, viability, and functionality of human vascular endothelial cells and neurons. Results The results showed that 24 hours of exposure of endothelial cells to 250 nm MSNPs exerted higher toxicity in terms of mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity than 30 nm MSN at the same dose. This was due to induced cell autophagy (in particular mitophagy), probably consequent to MSNP cellular uptake (>20%). Interestingly, after 24 hours of treatment with 30 nm MSNPs, very low MSNP uptake (<1%) and an increase in nitric oxide production (30%, P <0.01) were measured. This suggests that MSNPs were able to affect endothelial functionality from outside the cells. These differences could be attributed to the different protein-corona composition of the MSNPs used, as suggested by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis analysis of the plasma proteins covering the MSNP surface. Moreover, doses of MSNPs up to 0.25 mg/mL perturbed network activity by increasing excitability, as detected by multielectrode-array technology, without affecting neuronal cell viability. Conclusion These results suggest that MSNPs may be low-risk if prepared with a diameter <30 nm and if they reach human tissues at doses <0.25 mg/mL. These important advances could help the rational design of NPs intended for biomedical uses, demonstrating that careful toxicity evaluation is necessary before using MSNPs in patients.

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Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Cellular Responses in Various Cell Lines: An in Vitro Model

Cited by 241 publications

References 145 publications

Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Multiple Drug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Mastitis-Infected Goats: An Alternative Approach for Antimicrobial Therapy

Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Multiple Drug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Mastitis-Infected Goats: An Alternative Approach for Antimicrobial Therapy

Silver nanoparticles induce neurotoxicity in a human embryonic stem cell-derived neuron and astrocyte network

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles trigger mitophagy in endothelial cells and perturb neuronal network activity in a size- and time-dependent manner

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