Silver nanoparticle on zinc oxide array for label-free detection of opioids through surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy

Abstract

A plasmonic Ag nanoparticle decorated ZnO array on-chip sensor was developed for label-free detection of opioids through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The sensor reliably detects opioids as low as 90 ng mL−1 in human blood serum with great accuracy and sensitivity.

Enzyme Sensing Using 2-Mercaptopyridine-Carbonitrile Reporters and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

“…This is an ongoing community-wide research challenge that must be solved before SERS-based assays will be routinely used for quantitative enzyme detection. 25,48,49…”

“…Thus, future work to optimize the assays will need to develop a suitable immobilized metal surface for SERS detection, in particular a surface with a more uniform and reproducible morphology that enables improved quantitative analysis. This is an ongoing community-wide research challenge that must be solved before SERS-based assays will be routinely used for quantitative enzyme detection. ,, …”

“…Beyond the specific application of β-Glcase sensing, it is very likely that many other enzyme assays can be developed using released 2-mercaptopydrine-carbonitriles as SERS reporter molecules. In addition to single-use assays, it should be possible to spatially pattern the AgNP capture agent in an array format that enables high-throughput screening of enzyme inhibitors for drug discovery. , Alternatively, enzyme–antibody conjugates can be developed for enzyme-catalyzed signal amplification with SERS detection in ELISA-based diagnostics . The narrow peaks and high signal dispersion of SERS spectra favor multiplex diagnostics and imaging, which raises the possibility of additional 2-mercaptopydrine-carbonitrile compounds, beyond o -MPN and p -MPN , as reporter molecules with distinct spectral SERS signals that can act as detection barcodes …”

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2019 determination of ocfentanil and W-18 in a heroin-like powder using LC-DAD and GC-MS for screening and confirmation by LC-TQMS [ 712 ]; multicomponent computational approach to assess the structural and pharmacological similarity of newly identified drugs of abuse to controlled substances with focus on newly emerging illicit opioids [ 713 ]; Traceable Opioid Material Kits which provides over 150 opioid reference standards, including over 100 fentanyl analogues [ 714 ]; Liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence nitrogen detection (LC-CLND) for quantification of seized synthetic opioids [ 715 ]; review on the chemistry and pharmacology of synthetic opioids on the illicit drug market [ 716 ]; SERS method for detection of trace amounts of opioids on clothing and packages [ 717 ]; 2020 Open Port Interface Mass Spectrometry (OPI-MS) method for detection of opioids on mail and packaging materials [ 718 ]; 2021 sensor for detection of opiate drugs in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic applications [ 719 ]; chemiluminescence method coupled with flow injection for determination of nalbuphine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations [ 720 ]; analytical method for the simultaneous determination of a broad range of opioids in wastewater [ 721 ]; detection of carfentanil and etizolam in opioid samples acquired at a drug checking service using a portable GC-MS [ 722 ]; wastewater analysis of opioids [ 723 ]; pipette-tip-RSPE of seven opioid analgesics (morphine, codeine, oxycodone, tramadol, nalbuphine, thebaine, and noscapine) followed by HPLC-UV analysis [ 724 ]; a SERS method for the detection of trace levels of opioids (fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and tramadol) in suspect tablets using two different handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with 785 and 1064 nm lasers [ 725 ]; CV to examine the transfer of the protonated forms of several natural and synthetic opioids including fentanyl and its analogues, morphine, heroin and codeine [ 726 ]; LC-QTOF-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy for the identification and structural characterization of synthetic opioids (3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700 and four fentanyl analogues:o-methyl-acetylfentanyl, benzoylfentanyl, 2-thiophenefentanyl and benzoylbenzylfentanyl) [ 727 ]; development of a targeted GC-MS method for the confirmation of synthetic opioids and related compounds [ 728 ]; SERS method for detection of opioids [ 729 ]; 2022 LCMS analysis of methylenedioxy U-47700, ethylenedioxy U-47700, ethylenedioxy U-51754, U-69593, U-47931E (bromadoline), U-47700, U-48800, U-49900, U-51754, U-50488, propyl U-47700 and isopropyl U-47700 [ 730 ]; investigation of the structure activity relationships at the mu- and kappa-opioid receptors of eight U-opioids (U-47700, isopropyl U-47700, U-49900, U-47931E, N-methyl U-47931E, U-51754, U-48520, and U-48800) using a [S-35]-GTP gamma S assay [ 731 ]; assessment of opioid surrogates for colorimetric testing [ ...…”

Plasmonic nanosensors for point-of-care biomarker detection

“…First, biosensors that interrogate the environmental changes through the change of the SPR signal, such as the SPR wavelength shift and SPR intensity changes. Second, biosensors based on a sensing mechanism that is not SPR itself but whose sensor responses are enhanced and augmented by the SPR, such as the SPR enhanced fluorescent imaging and the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [ 23 , 24 ].…”