Silver Nanoparticles of Artemisia sieberi Extracts: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities

Abstract

Background: Artemisia sieberi (mugwort) is a member of the daisy family Asteraceae and is widely propagated in Saudi Arabia. A. sieberi has historical medical importance in traditional societies. The current study aimed to assess the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. sieberi. In addition, the study investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the A. sieberi extract. Methods: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts and AgNPs were prepared from the shoots of A. sieberi. The characteristics of AgNPs were assessed by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antibacterial experiments were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The fungal species used were Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida famata, Candida rhodotorula, and Candida albicans. The antibacterial and antifungal characteristics were evaluated by measuring the diameter of growing organisms in Petri dishes treated with different concentrations of either extracts or AgNPs compared to the untreated controls. Furthermore, TEM imaging was used to investigate any ultrastructure changes in the microbes treated with crude extracts and AgNO3. Results: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts significantly decreased the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis (p < 0.001), while P. aeruginosa was not affected. Unlike crude extracts, AgNPs had more substantial antibacterial effects against all species. In addition, the mycelial growth of C. famata was reduced by the treatment of both extracts. C. krusei mycelial growth was decreased by the aqueous extract, while the growth of C. parapsilosis was affected by the ethanolic extract and AgNPs (p < 0.001). None of the treatments affected the growth of C. albicans or C. rhodotorula. TEM analysis showed cellular ultrastructure changes in the treated S. aureus and C. famata compared to the control. Conclusion: The biosynthesized AgNPs and extracts of A. sieberi have a potential antimicrobial characteristic against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains and nullified resistance behavior.

Biological Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoaggregates Prepared from the Aqueous Extract of Cymbopogon citratus against Candida spp.

“…That indicated the reduction of Ag + ions in the alkaline mixture the aqueous extract of C. citratus at pH of 9.52. The biosynthesized AgNPs were purified by the PD-10 desalting column (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA), as described before [27].…”

“…Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta-Potential DLS and zeta-potential are useful tools to assess the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles, besides evaluation of their size, stability, and surface charge [29]. In the current study, the Zetasizer Pro (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) was used as been described before [27]. The values of polydispersity index (PDI) and Z-average size were used to calculate the PDI width (z-average × PDI).…”

“…The purified AgNPs were analyzed by TEM imaging to better describe the physical characteristics of nanoparticles, such as size and morphology, as it enables higher resolution than other imaging facilities. In the current study, nanoparticles were analyzed by a JEM-1400 transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), according to the manufacturer's instructions [27].…”

Seriphidium herba-alba (Asso): A comprehensive study of essential oils, extracts, and their antimicrobial properties

“…However, their yield and composition are subject to variation and are influenced by factors such as the specific plant parts used, and the extraction methods applied [ 2 , 3 ]. Notably, the crude phenolic extracts from this species have shown significant effects against bacteria and fungi [ 4 ], which can be attributed to their antioxidant properties and ability to disrupt microbes’ cell membranes [ 5 , 6 ].…”