“…Recently, nanostructures have been effectively shown to inhibit. For example, Campoccia et al (2013) synthesized classes of bacteria repelling and antiadhesive surfaces on nanomaterials to inhibit bacterial biofilm, De Faria et al (2014) has decorated Ag NPs on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and showed an antibiofilm activities, Durmus et al (2013)) have shown an improved efficacy vancomycin with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles by manipulating the biofilm metabolic microenvironment, Inbakandan et al (2013)) showed efficacy of Ag NPs on marine biofilm-forming bacterial species, Ronen et al (2013)) reconstructed commercial polypropylene feed spacer with composite spacer containing zinc oxide nanostructures to repress biofilm development on membranes, Taglietti et al (2014)) designed a glass surface modified with AgNPs and showed biofilm inhibition in Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, in comparison to all these various reports, the present work is significant because (i) Au@ZnO nanostructures are relatively non-toxic and (ii) Au@ZnO nanostructures not only have inhibited the biofilm but also have reduced the viability of cells as well, which is important because if cells in the biofilm are not viable, they will not form biofilm and, thus, the biofilm would be permanently eradicated.…”