Silver-stained nucleolar organizer proteins in urothelial bladder lesions

Rüschoff, Josef; Zimmermann, R.; Ulshöfer, B.; Thomas, C.

doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(11)80062-2

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…AgNORs were not useful in separating canine hyperplastic inflammatory lesions from carcinoma under the conditions of this study. The stain has been successful in classifying human hyperplastic and neoplastic, urinary bladder lesions, 9,14,19 although not uniformly. 15 Several of these studies used computer-assisted image analysis, possibly with less error than direct observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) and Mitotic Index in Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Canine Smooth Muscle Tumors and in Separating Inflammatory Hyperplasia from Neoplastic Lesions of the Urinary Bladder Mucosa

1995

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Abstract. Staining for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) has proven useful in differentiating recurrent or malignant neoplasms from less aggressive or benign ones. We applied this stain to benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors and to hyperplastic and carcinomatous lesions in the urinary bladder of dogs in an effort to determine its utility in diagnostic situations. The stain was simply performed, and the results were repeatable for different staining intervals and between staining batches. For smooth muscle tumors, enumeration of AgNORs in 100 nuclei was about as efficient as mitotic index in correctly categorizing histologically benign and malignant neoplasms. The mean number of AgNORs/100 nuclei for leiomyomas was significantly less than that obtained for leiomyosarcomas and significantly greater than that obtained for normal smooth muscle. Counts for smooth muscle tumors correlated with the mitotic indexes. Counts by an individual observer were repeated without introducing significant variation, but there was variability between observers, particularly in AgNOR counts for leiomyosarcomas. AgNORs were not useful in separating hyperplastic or polypoid cystitis from transitional cell carcinoma, misclassifying both. Mean AgNOR counts for these 2 conditions did not differ at the 5% level of significance; mitotic index was more efficient at separating the 2 conditions. There was no correlation between mitotic index and AgNOR in urinary tract mucosal specimens. This easily prepared stain may be useful in separating benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors, although AgNORs were less contributory to diagnosing mucosal lesions of the urinary bladder of dogs.Nucleolar organizer regions are focal aggregates of intranuclear nonhistone proteins that are associated with potential sites of ribosomal DNA transcription. 18These proteins are easily localized by virtue of their argyrophilia, hence the acronym AgNOR (argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region). The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus accurately correlates with mitotic rate in tumor cell lines 21 and AgNOR counts may thus provide an indirect measurement of mitotic rate in surgical specimens that is free of the bias produced by postexcisional handling of tissue. The stained complex corresponds ultrastructurally to the binding sites of RNA polymerase 1 and associated proteins regulating transcription and posttranslational modification of ribosomal RNA. 6Measurement and enumeration of AgNORs have been useful in prognosticating the behavior of a variety of neoplasms of humans, particularly in instances where

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) and Mitotic Index in Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Canine Smooth Muscle Tumors and in Separating Inflammatory Hyperplasia from Neoplastic Lesions of the Urinary Bladder Mucosa

1995

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“…Attempts have been made to perform an automated analysis of AgNOR dots using an image analyzer 3 and to evaluate the area, but not the number, of AgNOR dots. 4,24,25 By contrast, previous studies showed that cell imprint preparations from fresh specimens were easy to standardize for a fixation process prior to staining. The optimal staining time was invariably 30 minutes, and the AgNOR dots in many instances were visualized as clearly discernible, black, circular granules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…4,5,13,16,18,19 These studies showed a large degree of overlap in the number of AgNORs of benign and malignant lesions and between various grades of tumor. 13,16,18,19 This technique, therefore, has not been used as a routine clinical application in bladder cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…1 The recent development of a rapid one-step silver-staining method 2 for NORs has allowed easy and reliable staining; many studies have been reported regarding the diagnostic, grading and prognostic values of AgNORs in tumor pathology. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, AgNOR dots are not always identified as well-defined, small particles in conventional staining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. [13][14][15][16] Occasionally, the nucleolus itself is stained as a large, round, argyrophilic structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16] Previous investigations on AgNORs of paraffinembedded tissue sections have not shown consistent results even if the studies were performed on the same kind of tumors. 4,5,13,16,18,20 This discrepancy is a major problem for estimation of AgNORs in clinical samples. Thus, a clinical application of AgNORs using paraffin-embedded tissue sections has not been established yet.…”

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confidence: 99%

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AgNOR Staining of Cell Imprint Preparations of Human Bladder Cancer

Jinza¹,

Iki²,

Noguchi³

et al. 1996

Acta Cytologica

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Relationship between morphometric analysis of nucleolar organizer regions and cell proliferation in acute leukemias

1998

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Silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions in interphase cells have been widely studied as a cell kinetic parameter in different tissues. Many different approaches have been used for this evaluation, often leading to conflicting results. The aim of our study was to analyze several commonly used AgNOR parameters in bone marrow smears of 32 newly diagnosed cases of acute leukemia: number of clusters and dots, percentage of cells with one cluster (cells in a long G1 phase), total and percentage of silver‐stained area per nucleus, mean size of AgNORs, and the Rüschoff index. These parameters were compared with the in vitro incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). A significant correlation was found between the BrdU index and the mean number of clusters (r = 0.60), dots (r = 0.60), percentage of cells with one cluster (r = ‐0.63), as well as with the mean size of AgNORs (r = ‐0.63) and the Rüschoff index (r = 0.72). In a factor analysis, total AgNOR area, its percentage of nuclear area, the mean AgNOR size, and the nuclear area formed one factor (factor of area parameters), and clusters, dots, the percentage of cells with one cluster, and BrdU index made another factor (factor of proliferation parameters). The Rüschoff index participated equally in both factors. Based on these data, we postulate that the number of clusters and dots are related to the percentage of cells in S‐phase and the AgNOR area may be related to the cell duplication time, as has been reported in the literature. Mean size of AgNORs is smaller in highly proliferating cells. Probably the Rüschoff index is related to the percentage of cells in S‐phase as well as to the cell duplication time, and seems to be the best AgNOR parameter for the global evaluation of cell kinetics in acute leukemias. Cytometry 32:51–56, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Silver-stained nucleolar organizer proteins in urothelial bladder lesions

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) and Mitotic Index in Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Canine Smooth Muscle Tumors and in Separating Inflammatory Hyperplasia from Neoplastic Lesions of the Urinary Bladder Mucosa

Comparison of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) and Mitotic Index in Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Canine Smooth Muscle Tumors and in Separating Inflammatory Hyperplasia from Neoplastic Lesions of the Urinary Bladder Mucosa

AgNOR Staining of Cell Imprint Preparations of Human Bladder Cancer

Relationship between morphometric analysis of nucleolar organizer regions and cell proliferation in acute leukemias

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