Silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel as a topical antibacterial agent

Abstract

BackgroundSilver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is widely employed as an antibacterial agent for surface burn management. However, the antibacterial activity of AgSD was restrained because of the lower drug solubility and possible cytotoxicity.ObjectiveThis study aimed to formulate stable silver sulfadiazine/nanosuspensions (AgSD/NSs) with improved AgSD solubility and prepare a suitable carrier for AgSD/NS delivery. Nanotechnology was used to overcome the low drug dissolution rate of AgSD, while the new carrier loaded with AgSD/NS was assumed to decrease the possible cytotoxicity, enhance antibacterial activity, and promote wound healing.MethodsAgSD/NSs were prepared by high pressure homogenization method. Poloxamer 407-based thermoresponsive hydrogels were prepared by cold method as carriers of AgSD/NS to obtain AgSD/NS-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to measure the physicalchemical properties of AgSD/NSs and AgSD/NS-loaded gel. The cytotoxicity of the AgSD/NS-loaded gel was evaluated using methyl thiazolyltetrazolium assay with L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines. In vitro antibacterial activities of AgSD/NSs and AgSD/NS loaded gel were also measured.ResultsStable AgSD/NSs with an average particle size of 369 nm were formulated while 1.5% P407 was selected as a stabilizer. The optimized AgSD/NS thermoresponsive hydrogel exhibited the gelation temperature of approximately 30°C. A significant improvement in solubility was observed for AgSD nanoparticles (96.7%) compared with AgSD coarse powders (12.5%). The results of FTIR and XRD revealed that the physicochemical properties of AgSD/NS were reserved after incorporating into the hydrogel. The cell viability after incubation with AgSD/NS-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel improved from 60.7% to 90.6% compared with incubation with AgSD/NS directly. Drug release profiles from the thermoresponsive hydrogel increased compared with the commercial AgSD cream, implying less application frequency of AgSD cream clinically. In vitro antibacterial studies manifested that AgSD nanocrystallization significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity compared with the AgSD coarse powder.ConclusionThe combination of AgSD nanosuspensions and thermoresponsive hydrogel effectively improved the AgSD antibacterial activity and decreased the cytotoxicity. This study also suggested that a poloxamer thermoresponsive hydrogel could be used as a delivery system for other nanocrystals to decrease possible nanotoxicity.

Electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibers loaded with silver sulfadiazine/[Mg–Al]‐layered double hydroxide as an antimicrobial wound dressing

“…Silver, either as ions or nanoparticles, is a big concern to be given much attention due to its potential cytotoxicity . Liu et al demonstrate that free silver sulfadiazine has significant reduction effect on the cell viability . Figure reveals that the PLA/SDZ‐[Mg–Al]‐LDH scaffold presented great cell biocompatibility after 24 and 168 hours, with cell viability of 97% and 98%, respectively.…”

Design of an Interpenetrating Polymeric Network Hydrogel Made of Calcium-Alginate from a Thermos-Sensitive Pluronic Template as a Thermal-Ionic Reversible Wound Dressing

“…The cytotoxicity of PF127/SA hydrogels, after gelation, was evaluated by using the MTT assay using human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 . HaCaT cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 1 × 10 4 cells/well, and after overnight incubation, the cells were washed and incubated with different extracts for another 24 h. These extracts were obtained as follows: the IPN network PF-127/SA hydrogel was sterilized with Gamma radiation for 30 min and immersed in a prepared medium at 37 °C for 24 h [ 42 ]. After incubating the cells with extracts, the cells were incubated with MTT (0.5 mg/mL) for 4 h. The supernatant medium was subsequently replaced with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dissolve the formazan crystals formed in viable cells.…”

Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery

“…Sıcaklık duyarlı hidrojel sistemler mukoadeziv özellikleri, uzatılmış salım sağlayabilmeleri ve dokuyla uyumlulukları sayesinde enfeksiyonların tedavi ve profilaksisinde başarılı sonuçlar göstermiştir. 27,28 Özellikle ameliyat sonrası enfeksiyon riski olan bölgelerde biyoparçalanan poloksamer ile ilaç hedeflendirilmesi tekrar bir cerrahi müdahale ihtiyacını ortadan kaldırmıştır. Vankomisin, metisiline dirençli (beta-laktama dirençli) stafilokokların neden olduğu ciddi enfeksiyonların tedavisinde ve stafilokok enfeksiyonların profilaktik tedavisinde kullanılan bir antibiyotiktir.…”