Silviculture, Growth and Yield of Sandalwood

Das, Sudhir Chandra

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0780-6_7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar to results with S. album (Das 2021), 'iliahi appears to grow well under partial shade during the establishment phase of regeneration. Root parasites and even root hemiparasites, such as Santalum (sandalwood) spp., can also weaken and kill the host, so it is common when establishing sandalwood plantations to plant multiple hosts, including at least one "intermediate host" that is not expected to live more than a few years (Radomiljac et al 1999;Page et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Proximity to host trees also appears to be beneficial and indicates a balance between light availability and access to host root networks is required for underplanting hemiparasitic seedlings. It will be interesting to follow whether 'iliahi can tolerate shade in later establishment stages, as does S. album (Das 2021). To relate our underplanting results to a control (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tradeoffs in access to light and root networks of established host trees for restoration planting of the root hemiparasite Santalum paniculatum

Thyroff,

Friday,

Idol

et al. 2024

Restoration Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Restoration of root hemiparasite trees, such as Hawaiʻi's endemic Santalum species (ʻiliahi), may benefit from underplanting in stands of suitable hosts like the nitrogen‐fixing native tree, Acacia koa (koa). At a pasture site on Hawaiʻi Island previously reforested with koa, we underplanted seedlings of the island‐endemic sandalwood species, Santalum paniculatum, to examine the tradeoff between access to an established root network (distance to the nearest koa tree) under variable overstory shading (8.8–90.1% canopy openness range) during regeneration establishment. We hypothesized that there is an optimal parasite–host spacing and canopy openness that balance parasitic resource transfer with light availability. ʻIliahi seedling survival was 96% with no survival treatment differences. ‘Iliahi seedling growth was positively related to canopy openness but negatively related to the distance to the nearest koa tree, and the slope of these relationships increased over time. Leaf photosynthetic light compensation points, light saturation points, and stomatal density mostly followed similar trends as growth. These results demonstrate that ‘iliahi can be successfully underplanted in an established koa stand, which benefits ‘iliahi plantings and contributes to diversifying initial restoration and reforestation plantings. There appears to be a significant tradeoff in planting distance between benefits from and competition with the host; however, the improvement in growth with increased canopy openness appeared to be much greater than the effect of planting distance. Underplanting into an established host stand with sufficient canopy openness can help restore functionally compatible and abundant ‘iliahi regeneration into forests.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradeoffs in access to light and root networks of established host trees for restoration planting of the root hemiparasite Santalum paniculatum

Thyroff,

Friday,

Idol

et al. 2024

Restoration Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The death of sandalwood trees may be caused by a lack of companion plants, vicious weather, noxious weeds, etc., especially in the first 5 years of the seedling period. Without timely replanting, old sandalwood trees around the missing seedlings will be much larger than the new seedlings, and the new ones will be hidden from the sun, which may lead to death again or poor growth [2][3][4][5]. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor missing seedlings in real time and then replant them in a timely manner to avoid the situation mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Detection for Sandalwood Trees via Improved YOLOv5s and StyleGAN

Zhang,

Niu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Agriculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An algorithm model based on computer vision is one of the critical technologies that are imperative for agriculture and forestry planting. In this paper, a vision algorithm model based on StyleGAN and improved YOLOv5s is proposed to detect sandalwood trees from unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing data, and this model has excellent adaptability to complex environments. To enhance feature expression ability, a CA (coordinate attention) module with dimensional information is introduced, which can both capture target channel information and keep correlation information between long-range pixels. To improve the training speed and test accuracy, SIOU (structural similarity intersection over union) is proposed to replace the traditional loss function, whose direction matching degree between the prediction box and the real box is fully considered. To achieve the generalization ability of the model, StyleGAN is introduced to augment the remote sensing data of sandalwood trees and to improve the sample balance of different flight heights. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of sandalwood tree detection increased from 93% to 95.2% through YOLOv5s model improvement; then, on that basis, the accuracy increased by another 0.4% via data generation from the StyleGAN algorithm model, finally reaching 95.6%. Compared with the mainstream lightweight models YOLOv5-mobilenet, YOLOv5-ghost, YOLOXs, and YOLOv4-tiny, the accuracy of this method is 2.3%, 2.9%, 3.6%, and 6.6% higher, respectively. The size of the training sandalwood tree model is 14.5 Mb, and the detection time is 17.6 ms. Thus, the algorithm demonstrates the advantages of having high detection accuracy, a compact model size, and a rapid processing speed, making it suitable for integration into edge computing devices for on-site real-time monitoring.

show abstract

Safeguarding sandalwood: A review of current and emerging tools to support sustainable and legal forestry

Bunney

McInerney

Dormontt

et al. 2022

Plants People Planet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Societal Impact StatementSandalwood and other high value tree species are under significant threat from illegal harvest. Illegal logging is an increasing problem contributing to deforestation, biodiversity loss, human rights abuses and funding transnational crime. Successful prosecution of illegal logging is hindered by a lack of methods to provide evidence of the origin of timber. New analytical techniques have been developed to trace timber back to its source. These methods, together with the establishment of sustainable sources of forest resources, can help protect vulnerable species by providing evidence to prosecute illegal harvest and ensure that commercially available forest products come from sustainable sources.

show abstract

Silviculture, Growth and Yield of Sandalwood

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Tradeoffs in access to light and root networks of established host trees for restoration planting of the root hemiparasite Santalum paniculatum

Tradeoffs in access to light and root networks of established host trees for restoration planting of the root hemiparasite Santalum paniculatum

High-Precision Detection for Sandalwood Trees via Improved YOLOv5s and StyleGAN

Safeguarding sandalwood: A review of current and emerging tools to support sustainable and legal forestry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About