Silymarin: a review on paving the way towards promising pharmacological agent

Akhtar, Muhammad Nadeem; Saeed, Rabia; Saeed, Farhan; Asghar, Aasma; Ghani, Samia; Ateeq, Huda; Ahmed, Aftab; Rasheed, Amara; Afzaal, Muhammad; Waheed, Marwa; Hussain, Bilal; Shah, Mohd Asif

doi:10.1080/10942912.2023.2244685

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Dioscorides used milk thistle, which he knew had therapeutic properties, as an early treatment for snakebites (Cheemerla & Balakrishnan, 2021; Moon et al., 2020). Thistle was used for centuries, and English herbalist Nicholas Culpeper suggested using it in the sixteenth century to cure a variety of conditions, such as jaundice and to help get rid of stones (Akhtar et al., 2023). The therapeutic benefits of milk thistle have been understood and passed down through the ages.…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Silymarinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases—A comprehensive narrative review

Jaffar,

Al‐Asmari,

Khan

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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Liver diseases, encompassing conditions such as cirrhosis, present a substantial global health challenge with diverse etiologies, including viral infections, alcohol consumption, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The exploration of natural compounds as therapeutic agents has gained traction, notably the herbal remedy milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with its active extract, silymarin, demonstrating remarkable antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in extensive preclinical investigations. It can protect healthy liver cells or those that have not yet sustained permanent damage by reducing oxidative stress and mitigating cytotoxicity. Silymarin, a natural compound with antioxidant properties, anti‐inflammatory effects, and antifibrotic activity, has shown potential in treating liver damage caused by alcohol, NAFLD, drug‐induced toxicity, and viral hepatitis. Legalon® is a top‐rated medication with excellent oral bioavailability, effective absorption, and therapeutic effectiveness. Its active component, silymarin, has antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, Eurosil 85® also, a commercial product, has lipophilic properties enhanced by special formulation processes. Silymarin, during clinical trials, shows potential improvements in liver function, reduced mortality rates, and alleviation of symptoms across various liver disorders, with safety assessments showing low adverse effects. Overall, silymarin emerges as a promising natural compound with multifaceted hepatoprotective properties and therapeutic potential in liver diseases.

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Section: Pharmacology Of Silymarinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its rapid absorption and distribution in the liver are also significant. The effectiveness of milk thistle seed extracts, or “tinctures,” in treating liver problems was later established in the 19th century by the German scientist Johannes Gottfried Rademacher (Akhtar et al., 2023; Valková et al., 2020). (Figure 2).…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Silymarinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases—A comprehensive narrative review

Jaffar,

Al‐Asmari,

Khan

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…S. marianum is valued worldwide for its bioactive properties [5], including antioxidant [6], immunomodulatory [7], and anticancer [8] activities. In particular, it is widely recognized for its hepatoprotective effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of silybin A and silybin B in different accessions of Silybum marianum seeds

Uy,

Shim,

Lee

et al. 2024

JABC

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Silybum marianum more commonly known as milk thistle is one of the most well-researched medicinal plants, particularly for the treatment of liver disease. Silbyin A and silybin B are compounds found in the silymarin complex, the phytochemical responsible for the bioactivity of S. marianum. Silymarin is currently widely used as a dietary supplement. In this study, the contents of the silybin mixture (silybin A and silybin B) in different accessions of S. marianum seeds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extracts of S. marianum were evaporated and resuspended with HPLC-grade 70% acetonitrile for the analysis. The silybin mixture was quantified using a reverse-phase column with a gradient elution system and a wavelength of 288 nm. Among a total of 14 samples (samples S1-S14) of S. marianum from different accessions, samples S4, S1, and S7 showed particularly high concentrations of silybin A and B, ranging from approximately 19 to 27 mg/g ext. Determining the presence and quantifying the content of the silybin mixture in S. marianum seeds is crucial to identify alternative and optimal sources of therapeutic compounds, thereby increasing the number of available medicines.

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“…Silymarin has excellent liver protective and regenerative effects and is commercialized as an herbal medication or nutritional supplement. Its main indications are viral- and toxin-induced hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, Amanita mushroom poisoning, and hypercholesterolemia [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In addition, recent clinical studies have reported the efficacy of silymarin and/or silibinin in diabetes [ 13 ], cardiometabolic syndrome [ 14 ], Alzheimer’s disease [ 15 ], melasma [ 16 , 17 ], and as radioprotective agents [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silymarin Supplementation in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Outcomes of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Zugravu,

Pintilescu,

Cumpat

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Coadministration of natural products to enhance the potency of conventional antirheumatic treatment is of high interest. This study aimed to assess the impact of administration of silymarin (a nutritional supplement) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis under treatment with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and twenty-two patients diagnosed with active rheumatoid arthritis and treated with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were randomly assigned to either control or intervention groups; the latter was supplemented with silymarin (300 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Indicators of disease activity, inflammatory markers, disease activity and disability indices, European League Against Rheumatism responses, fatigue, depression, and anxiety scores were determined at baseline and week 8. Results: Silymarin supplementation significantly reduced the number of tender and swollen joints, duration of morning stiffness, severity of pain, disease activity and disability indices, European League Against Rheumatism responses, levels of fatigue, depression, and anxiety. According to our results, silymarin substantially improved patients’ general condition. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence for the benefits of silymarin supplementation to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

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Silymarin: a review on paving the way towards promising pharmacological agent

Cited by 15 publications

References 94 publications

Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases—A comprehensive narrative review

Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases—A comprehensive narrative review

Analysis of silybin A and silybin B in different accessions of Silybum marianum seeds

Silymarin Supplementation in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Outcomes of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

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