Simian Foamy Virus-induced Immunosuppression in Rabbits

Hooks, John J.; Detrick-Hooks, Barbara

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-44-2-383

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Indeed, viral transcription has been detected only in the oral mucosa of a single infected animal (9). However, virus can be recovered readily by coculturing of infected tissues, peripheral blood, or throat swab specimens with susceptible cell lines (6,18,42,44,46,49). Thus, in most locations in vivo, FV replication is latent; however, when the virus is removed from such a context, replication can proceed.…”

Section: Sfvcpz(hu) (New Name For Human Fv) Ltr Promoter However Mumentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of the Two Foamy Virus Promoters

Meiering

Rubio

May

et al. 2001

J Virol

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The foamy virus (FV) genome contains two promoters, the canonical long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, containing three consensus AP-1 binding sites, and an internal promoter (IP) within the env gene. We investigated the regulation of the two promoters in lytic and persistent infections and found that in the presence of a constitutive source of the viral transactivator protein Tas, transactivation of the LTR promoter and that of the IP differ. In lytic infections, both the LTR promoter and the IP are efficiently transactivated by Tas, while in persistent infections, the IP is efficiently transactivated by Tas, but the LTR promoter is not. Analysis of proteins expressed from the LTR promoter and the IP during infection indicated that IP transcription is more robust than that of the LTR promoter in persistently infected cells, while the opposite is true for lytically infected cells. Coculture experiments also showed that LTR promoter transcription is greatest in cells which support lytic replication. Replacement of much of the LTR promoter with the IP leads to increased viral replication in persistent but not lytic infections. We also found that the induction of persistently infected cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) greatly enhanced viral replication and transcription from the SFVcpz(hu) (new name for human FV) LTR promoter. However, mutation of three consensus AP-1 binding sites in the FV LTR promoter did not affect viral replication in lytically or persistently infected cells, nor did the same mutations affect LTR promoter transactivation by Tas in PMA-treated cells. Our data indicate that differential regulation of transcription is important in the outcome of FV infection but is unlikely to depend on AP-1.Foamy viruses (FVs) are unique among retroviruses in their establishment of life-long persistent infections without any accompanying pathologies. Infection is characterized by the presence of viral DNA in a large number of organs (9, 42), without detectable levels of viral RNA or protein expression (6,9,42,44). Indeed, viral transcription has been detected only in the oral mucosa of a single infected animal (9). However, virus can be recovered readily by coculturing of infected tissues, peripheral blood, or throat swab specimens with susceptible cell lines (6,18,42,44,46,49). Thus, in most locations in vivo, FV replication is latent; however, when the virus is removed from such a context, replication can proceed. In contrast to the in vivo situation, FV replication in vitro can result in either lytic or persistent infection (13,41,53). Infection of many cell types in vitro is often accompanied by cytopathic effects (CPE) and rapid cell killing. Since such infections do not mimic the in vivo situation, we sought to develop a tissue culture system in which there is little viral replication. For these studies we used the prototypic human FV (HFV) clone HFV13 (29). HFV has recently been renamed SFVcpz(hu) to more clearly indicate that the original HFV isolate is a chimpanzee FV isolated from a huma...

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Section: Sfvcpz(hu) (New Name For Human Fv) Ltr Promoter However Mumentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of the Two Foamy Virus Promoters

Meiering

Rubio

May

et al. 2001

J Virol

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“…No proven pathogenic potential has been clearly demonstrated for any of the virus strains; however, spumavirus isolations from De Quervain thyroiditis (Stancek et al, 1975) and induction of immunosuppression by simian foamy virus in rabbits (Hooks & Detrick-Hooks, 1979) have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further characterization of the gapped DNA intermediates of human spumavirus: evidence for a dual initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis

Tobaly-Tapiero

Kupiec

Santillana-Hayat

et al. 1991

Journal of General Virology

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We recently reported the presence of linear duplex DNA intermediates with a gap in the middle of the molecules in the replicative cycle of human (HSRV) and simian (SFV1) spumaviruses. The polypurine tract (PPT), at the 5' boundary of the 3' long terminal repeat, was found to be duplicated in the gap region. By molecular analysis of HSRV proviral DNA with region-and strand-specific probes, we have now determined that the gap is located on plus-strand DNA and that it is 120 bases long with the 3' end mapping at the duplicated PPT site. Kinetic analysis of proviral DNA provided evidence that the gap did not result from processing of a complete, full-length DNA molecule. These data strongly suggest that plus-strand DNA synthesis is initiated at both PPT sites.

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“…The foamy virus group, or Spumavirinae constituting a subfamily of the Retroviridae, comprises individual viruses isolated from a wide range of mammalian species, among them a variety of primates (Hooks & Hooks, 1981) including man (Achong et al, 1971). Foamy viruses display specific biological properties that discriminate them from other retrovirus subfamilies (Hooks & Gibbs, 1975).…”

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Detection and Characterization of Infectious DNA Intermediates of a Primate Foamy Virus

Neumann‐Haefelin

Schweizer

Corsten

et al. 1986

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYDNA from human T-lymphoid (Molt-4) and hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells infected with the T-lymphotropic simian foamy virus LK-3 was shown to be infectious, when assayed by transfection of BHK-21 cells. The proviral genome was further characterized by blot hybridization to a specific cDNA probe, which had been prepared by reverse transcription in vitro using viral RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase present in cytoplasmic extracts of infected BHK-21 cells. This probe hybridized to a DNA species of 14 kbp in extracts from LK-3-infected diploid human fibroblasts, Molt-4 and BHK-21 cells, whereas no hybridization occurred with DNA from the respective uninfected controls. No integrated proviral DNA could be demonstrated, and the 14 kbp DNA was shown not to represent circular DNA. The patterns of restriction endonuclease and S1 nuclease fragments indicated a unique configuration of linear double-stranded DNA containing a single-stranded section separating two subunits one of which may be sufficient to transmit LK-3 by transfection with DNA.

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Simian Foamy Virus-induced Immunosuppression in Rabbits

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of the Two Foamy Virus Promoters

Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of the Two Foamy Virus Promoters

Further characterization of the gapped DNA intermediates of human spumavirus: evidence for a dual initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis

Detection and Characterization of Infectious DNA Intermediates of a Primate Foamy Virus

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