Simian foamy virus infection among zoo keepers

Sandstrom, Paul; Phan, Kim Oanh; Switzer, William M.; Fredeking, Terry; Chapman, Louisa E.; Heneine, Walid; Folks, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)05292-7

Cited by 90 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…At-risk populations include veterinarians; laboratory, temple, and zoo workers; pet owners; and bushmeat hunters (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). SFV prevalence in these populations is 1%-6%.…”

Section: Diverse Contexts Of Zoonotic Transmission Of Simian Foamy VImentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Contexts of Zoonotic Transmission of Simian Foamy Viruses in Asia

Jones‐Engel

May

Engel

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

105

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In Asia, contact between persons and nonhuman primates is widespread in multiple occupational and nonoccupational contexts. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are retroviruses that are prevalent in all species of nonhuman primates. To determine SFV prevalence in humans, we tested 305 persons who lived or worked around nonhuman primates in several South and Southeast Asian countries; 8 (2.6%) were confi rmed SFV positive by Western blot and, for some, by PCR. The interspecies interactions that likely resulted in virus transmission were diverse; 5 macaque taxa were implicated as the source of infection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SFV from 3 infected persons was similar to that from the nonhuman primate populations with which the infected persons reported contact. Thus, SFV infections are likely to be prevalent among persons who live or work near nonhuman primates in Asia.

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“…At-risk populations include veterinarians; laboratory, temple, and zoo workers; pet owners; and bushmeat hunters (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). SFV prevalence in these populations is 1%-6%.…”

Section: Diverse Contexts Of Zoonotic Transmission Of Simian Foamy VImentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Contexts of Zoonotic Transmission of Simian Foamy Viruses in Asia

Jones‐Engel

May

Engel

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

105

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“…SFV antibody-positive humans have been found in a variety of natural settings, including people in Asia who live in areas with free-ranging macaques, villagers in Gabon with known exposure to NHP, and a population of hunters in Cameroon with bites from Old World NHP (6,(8)(9)(10)(11). SFV antibody-positive humans have also been documented in various laboratory, veterinary, and zoo settings (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). While it is clear that SFV from a wide range of Old World NHP species have the ability to infect humans, little is currently known about zoonotic transmission of SFV from New World Monkey (NWM) species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New World Simian Foamy Virus Infections In Vivo and In Vitro

Stenbak

Craig

Ivanov

et al. 2014

J Virol

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e Foamy viruses (FV) are complex retroviruses that naturally infect all nonhuman primates (NHP) studied to date. Zoonotic transmission of Old World NHP simian foamy viruses (SFV) has been documented, leading to nonpathogenic persistent infections. To date, there have been no reports concerning zoonotic transmission of New World monkey (NWM) SFV to humans and resulting infection. In this study, we developed a Western blot assay to detect antibodies to NWM SFV, a nested PCR assay to detect NWM SFV DNA, and a ␤-galactosidase-containing indicator cell line to assay replication of NWM SFV. Using these tools, we analyzed the plasma and blood of 116 primatologists, of whom 69 had reported exposures to NWM. While 8 of the primatologists tested were seropositive for SFV from a NWM, the spider monkey, none had detectable levels of viral DNA in their blood. We found that SFV isolated from three different species of NWM replicated in some, but not all, human cell lines. From our data, we conclude that while humans exposed to NWM SFV produce antibodies, there is no evidence for long-term viral persistence. Foamy viruses (FV) are unusual complex retroviruses that infect cattle, horses, cats, and all species of nonhuman primates (NHP) examined to date (reviewed in reference 1). Simian foamy viruses (SFV) can cause life-long infections in natural hosts without any apparent pathogenicity (2). In cell culture models, SFV can establish latent infections in some cell types and lytic infections in others, resulting in cytopathic effects (CPE) that include syncytium formation (reviewed in reference 3). In infected macaques, FV DNA is found in almost all tissues, while FV RNA and replicating virus are limited to the superficial epithelial cells of the oral mucosa in immunocompetent animals (4, 5). Consistent with the site of viral replication detected in vivo, it is thought that FV are transmitted via saliva, through grooming, biting, and other behaviors. Studies of natural transmission suggest that infant and young NHP are resistant to infection, presumably because of passive immunity from maternal antibodies, but typically (for macaques) become infected by 3 years of age (6). Epidemiological studies indicate that SFV seroprevalence can reach up to 100% in adults (reviewed in reference 7).Although FV do not naturally infect humans, SFV have been found to be zoonotically transmitted, most likely through contact with saliva from an infected NHP. Several studies have documented the transmission of SFV to humans who interact directly with Old World (OW) NHP, including Cercopithicus species, baboons, macaques, mandrills, gorillas, and chimpanzees (reviewed in reference 7). SFV antibody-positive humans have been found in a variety of natural settings, including people in Asia who live in areas with free-ranging macaques, villagers in Gabon with known exposure to NHP, and a population of hunters in Cameroon with bites from Old World NHP (6,(8)(9)(10)(11). SFV antibody-positive humans have also been documented in various laboratory, veterina...

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“…Based on extensive nucleotide and amino-acid homology (Herchenröder et al, 1994), the foamy virus originally isolated from a human (ie, 'human foamy virus') may actually be identical to a chimpanzee simian foamy virus isolate (SFVcpz). Indeed, the African patient from whom HFV was first isolated could have acquired the virus from a primate (Meiering and Linial, 2001), since such transmission of SFV can occur through close animal contact (Schweitzer et al, 1997;Heneine et al, 1998;Sandstrom et al, 2000;Brooks et al, 2002). Alternatively, the initial report may have represented a laboratory contamination (Meiering and Linial, 2001).…”

Section: B Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and human foamy virus in thymoma

Loehrer

Hisada

et al. 2004

Br J Cancer

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The cause of thymoma, a rare malignancy of thymic epithelial cells, is unknown. Recent studies have reported the detection of DNA from human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human foamy virus (HFV) in small numbers of thymoma tumours, suggesting an aetiologic role for these retroviruses. In the present study, we evaluated 21 US thymoma patients and 20 patients with other cancers for evidence of infection with these viruses. We used the polymerase chain reaction to attempt to amplify viral DNA from tumour tissues, using primers from the pol and tax (HTLV-I) and gag and bel1 (HFV) regions. In these experiments, we did not detect HTLV-I or HFV DNA sequences in any thymoma or control tissues, despite adequate sensitivity of our assays (one HTLV-I copy per 25

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Simian foamy virus infection among zoo keepers

Cited by 90 publications

References 5 publications

Diverse Contexts of Zoonotic Transmission of Simian Foamy Viruses in Asia

Diverse Contexts of Zoonotic Transmission of Simian Foamy Viruses in Asia

New World Simian Foamy Virus Infections In Vivo and In Vitro

Absence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and human foamy virus in thymoma

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