Simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys

Abstract

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was isolated from the total peripheral blood mononuclear cell population and the monocyte-macrophage adherent cell population of three seropositive green monkeys originating from Kenya. SIV from these African green monkeys (SIVagm) was isolated and continuously produced with the MOLT-4 clone 8 (M4C18) cell line but not with a variety of other cells including HUT-78, H9, CEM, MT-4, U937, and uncloned MOLT-4 cells. Once isolated, these SIVagm isolates were found to replicate efficiently in M4C18, SupTl, MT-4, U937, and Jurkat-T cells but much less efficiently if at all in HUT-78, H9, CEM, and MOLT-4 cells. The range of CD4+ cells fully permissive for replication of these SIVagm isolates thus differs markedly from that of previous SIV isolates from macaques (SIVmac). These SIVagm isolates had a morphogenesis and morphology like that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other SIV isolates. Antigens of SIVagm and SIVmac cross-reacted by comparative enzyme-linked immuno. sorbent assay only with reduced efficiency, and optimal results were obtained when homologous antibody and antigen were used. Western blotting (immunoblotting) of purified preparations of SIVagm isolate 385 (SIVagm385) revealed major viral proteins of 120, 27, and 16 kilodaltons (kDa). The presumed major core protein of 27 kDa cross-reacted antigenically with the corresponding proteins of SIVmac (28 kDa) and HIV-1 (24 kDa) by Western blotting. Hirt supernatant replicative-intermediate DNA prepared from cells freshly infected with SIVagm hybridized to SIVmac and HIV-2 DNA. probes. Detection of cross-hybridizing DNA sequences, however, required very low stringency, and the restriction endonuclease fragmentation patterns of SIVagm were not similar to those of SIVmac and HIV-2. The nucleotide sequence of a portion of the pol gene of SIVagm385 revealed amino acid identities of 65% with SIVmacl42, 64% with HIV-2ROD, and 56% with HIV-lBRU; SIVagm385 is thus related to but distinct from previously described primate lentiviruses SIVmac, HIV-1, and HIV-2. Precise information on the genetic makeup of these and other SIV isolates will possibly lead to better understanding of the history and evolution of these viruses and may provide insight into the origin of viruses that cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in humans.

Early Regeneration of Thymic Progenitors in Rhesus Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

“…SIV-specific Antibody Response and Plasma Antigenemia. SIV-specific antibodies in serum were detected by ELISA using purified whole SIVmac as previously described (25). The amount of SIV p27 per ml of plasma was determined using a commercial SIV-p27 antigen capture ELISA kit (Coulter) according to the manufacturer's recommendations.…”

Distinct effects of glutathione disulphide on the nuclear transcription factors κB and the activator protein‐1

“…Molt-4 clone 8 (Daniel et al, 1988) was kindly provided by Dr M. Hayami (Kyoto University, Japan). It was propagated in bicarbonate-buffered RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (Gibco), 0.24 unitlml penicillin, 0.24 pg/ml streptomycin (Gibco) and 6 m M Hepes (Gibco).…”

Targeted inhibition of immunodeficiency virus replication in lymphocytes through retroviral mediated gene transfer

“…Biological heterogeneity of HIV or SIV is reflected by differences in host range, replicative properties, and cytopathic effect in infected cells [7,12,28,32]. Restriction endonuclease mapping and sequence analyses of HIV [24] and SIV [3] isolates, as well as the patterns of neutralization of different isolates by antibodies, also demonstrate genetic diversity, particularly in the envelope glycoprotein [6].…”