This article compares notes on different and new concepts of 'the Human', developed both within disciplinary and interdisciplinary academic scientific research and in broader social practices. The main focus is on the shifting relationship between the 'two cultures' of the humanities and science in the light of contemporary developments, such as the sophisticated forms of interdisciplinary research that have emerged in the fields of biotechnologies, neural sciences, environmental and climate change research and Information and Communication technologies. These rapid changes affect the very definitions of the human and of human evolution. This article attempts to assess the constructions of the human at work in contemporary Humanities scholarship, which I also describe as the posthuman condition. I will start on a critical note by outlining the dislocations of the discursive boundaries and categorical differences within the Humanities, which have been triggered respectively by the explosion of humanism and the implosion of anthropocentrism. I will argue that these epistemological breaks cause an internal fracture within the Humanities that cannot be mended just by good will. I will then go on in a more affirmative note to defend the argument that the Humanities can and will survive their present crises and even prosper, to the extent that they will show the ability and willingness to undergo a major process of transformation in the direction of the posthuman.I shall devote some time to outlining the posthuman predicament and propose a posthuman affirmative ethics. To be worthy of our times, we need to be pragmatic: we need schemes of thought and figurations that enable us to account in empowering terms for the changes and transformations currently on the way. We already live in permanent states of transition, hybridisation and nomadic mobility, in emancipated, post-feminist, multi-ethnic societies with high degrees of technological mediation which, however, have not ensured justice for all, or resolved enduring patterns of inequality. These are neither simple nor linear events, but rather are multilayered and internally contradictory social phenomena. They combine elements of ultra-modernity with splinters of neo-archaism: high-tech advances and neo-primitivism, which defy the logic of excluded middle. We therefore need great methodological creativity to cope with these challenges.Let me explore in order the different steps of this argument.
Posthumanism