Similar eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish oil or krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study

Yurko-Mauro, Karin; Kralovec, Jaroslav A.; Bailey-Hall, Eileen; Smeberg, Vanessa; Stark, Jeffrey G.; Salem, Norman

doi:10.1186/s12944-015-0109-z

Cited by 71 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fish oil dietary supplements that contain DHA have been shown to dampen chronic inflammation in humans, with varying levels of clinical success in cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). In human studies of fish oil supplementation, the concentration of DHA in blood can reach roughly 100-500 mM (33,34). Interestingly, 17-HDHA has also been observed in the plasma after fish oil supplementation (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues

et al. 2017

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Recent evidence suggests that specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can modulate the vascular injury response. However, cellular sources for these autacoids within the vessel wall remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether isolated vascular cells and tissues can produce SPMs and assessed expression and subcellular localization of the key SPM biosynthetic enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) in vascular cells. Intact human arteries incubated with DHA produced 17-hydroxy DHA (17-HDHA) and D-series resolvins, as assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Addition of 17-HDHA to human arteries similarly increased resolvin production. Primary cultures of human saphenous vein endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) converted 17-HDHA to SPMs, including resolvin D1 (RvD1) and other D-series resolvins and protectins. This was accompanied by a rapid translocation of 5-LOX from nucleus to cytoplasm in both ECs and VSMCs, potentially facilitating SPM biosynthesis. Conditioned medium from cells exposed to 17-HDHA inhibited monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated EC monolayers. These downstream effects were partially reversed by antibodies against the RvD1 receptors ALX/FPR2 and GPR32. These results suggest that autocrine and/or paracrine signaling locally generated SPMs in the vasculature may represent a novel homeostatic mechanism of relevance to vascular health and disease.-Chatterjee, A., Komshian, S., Sansbury, B. E., Wu, B., Mottola, G., Chen, M., Spite, M., Conte, M. S. Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues

et al. 2017

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“…There has been some debate in the literature whether delivery of long-chain omega-3 FAs as phospholipids, which is the case when the source is krill oil, is more efficient for building up the omega-3 index than when delivering these FAs as triglycerides like in most fish oils. A recent article by Yurko-Mauro and co-workers concluded that giving EPA and DHA in either ethyl ester, triglyceride or phospholipid form for 4 weeks created similar plasma and erythrocyte levels of the FAs [20]. However, other literature has indicated a more efficient uptake of these omega-3 FAs when given as krill oil than with fish oil [21, 22], resulting in higher omega-3 indices after dose-corrections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The time course of erythrocyte membrane fatty acid concentrations during and after treatment of non-human primates with increasing doses of an omega-3 rich phospholipid preparation derived from krill-oil

Hals¹,

Wang

Piscitelli

et al. 2017

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundA commonly used measure to reflect the intake of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA is the omega-3 index, defined as the sum of EPA + DHA as % of total fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane. When the omega-3 index changes it follows that the relative fractions of other fatty acids in the membrane are also changed. In the present study, increasing doses of a preparation of omega-3 rich phospholipids extracted from krill oil were administered orally to non-human primates for 12 weeks and the time course of EPA, DHA and 22 other fatty acids in erythrocytes was determined bi-weekly during treatment and for 8 weeks after cessation of treatment. Plasma concentrations of six endocannabinoid-type mediators being downstream metabolites of some fatty acids analyzed in erythrocytes were also determined.MethodsSix diabetic, dyslipidemic non-human primates were included, three in a vehicle control group and three being treated with the omega-3 rich phospholipid preparation. The vehicle control and test items were given daily by gavage and the test item doses were 50, 150 and 450 mg phospholipids/kg/day. Each dose level was given for four weeks. Blood was sampled at baseline and thereafter bi-weekly. Fatty acids were determined in erythrocytes by methylation followed by gas-chromatography. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like mediators were analyzed in plasma by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.ResultsThe treatment resulted in a dose-related increase in the fraction of EPA and DHA in erythrocyte membranes and a dose-related decrease of other poly-unsaturated fatty acids, in particular omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Erythrocyte concentrations of saturated fatty acids remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like mediators changed accordingly as those being downstream arachidonic acid decreased, downstream of the saturated palmitic and oleic acids remained unchanged while a downstream EPA metabolite increased.ConclusionIncreasing the omega-3 index by administering an omega-3 rich phospholipid extracted from krill oil did not alter the ratio of unsaturated vs. saturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membranes but only the relative concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular unsaturated omega-6 fatty acids. Concentrations of saturated fatty acids remained unchanged.

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“…34 It has been suggested that the form consumed may affect bioavailability, but ultimately that long term daily administration resulted in similar plasma and RBC levels of EPA + DHA, irrespective of formulation. 35 Lovaza is an OM3 ethyl ester formulation approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at a dose of 4 grams/day for the treatment of very high TG levels (≥500 mg/dl). 7…”

Section: Om3 Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review

Elagizi

Lavie²,

Marshall³

et al. 2018

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

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The potential cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (OM3) have been intensely studied and debated for decades. Initial trials were performed in patients with low use of maximal medical therapy for CVD, and reported significant mortality benefits with the use of 1 g/day OM3 intervention following myocardial infarction (MI). More recent studies, including cohorts of patients receiving modern guideline directed medical therapy for CVD, have often not shown similar benefits with OM3 use. We conducted a literature review using PubMed, professional society guidelines, specific journal databases including New England Journal of Medicine and Journal of the American College of Cardiology from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2017. References from selected articles were also reviewed, as well as key articles outside of the selected time-frame for their important findings or historical perspectives. Currently, there are no Class I recommendations from the American Heart Association (AHA) for the use of OM3, however, considering the safety of this therapy and beneficial findings of some modern studies (including patients with current maximal medical therapy for CVD), the AHA has recently expanded their list of Class II recommendations, in which treatment with OM3 for CVD benefit is reasonable. This review discusses the current state of the evidence, summarizes current professional recommendations, and provides recommendations for future research.

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Similar eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish oil or krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study

Cited by 71 publications

References 21 publications

Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues

Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues

The time course of erythrocyte membrane fatty acid concentrations during and after treatment of non-human primates with increasing doses of an omega-3 rich phospholipid preparation derived from krill-oil

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review

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