Similar Exposure to a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen in Smokeless Tobacco Users and Cigarette Smokers

Hecht, Stephen S.; Carmella, Steven G.; Murphy, Sharon E.; Riley, William T.; Le, Chap T.; Luo, Xianghua; Mooney, Marc E; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0227

Cited by 103 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…22 Although TSNA levels in snus on the Swedish market have been greatly reduced since the 1980s, 23 the prerequisites for carcinogenicity are indisputably present. A recent report from the United States 24 provides evidence that users of smokeless tobacco may be exposed to NNK to a similar degree as are smokers. And others have shown that differences in current TSNA levels between American and Swedish moist snuff may not be substantial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and mortality among users and nonusers of snus

Roosaar

Johansson

Sandborgh‐Englund

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scandinavian moist snuff (snus) is claimed to be a safer alternative to smoking. We aimed to quantify cancer incidence among male snus users and to shed light on the net health outcome by studying their overall mortality. A cohort, comprised of 9,976 men who participated in a population-based survey, was compiled in 1973-74. Follow-up until January 31, 2002, was accomplished through record-linkages with nation-wide and essentially complete registers of demographics, cancer and causes of deaths. Adjusted relative risks among exposed relative to unexposed men were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. The cohort members contributed more than 220,000 person-years at risk for cancer. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of the combined category of oral and pharyngeal cancer among daily users of snus (incidence rate ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5-6.6) was found. Overall mortality was also slightly increased (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.21). Although the combined previous literature on snus and oral cancer weigh toward no association, this population-based prospective study provided suggestive evidence of snus-related risks that cannot be lightly ignored.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and mortality among users and nonusers of snus

Roosaar

Johansson

Sandborgh‐Englund

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Levels of NNN and NNK in Swedish products are lower than those in brands sold in the United States, but the total amounts are still about 1-2 ppm, approximately 1000 times higher than levels of carcinogenic nitrosamines found in cured meats or beer, which are the consumer products most commonly contaminated with such compounds. We have recently completed a study in which we compared levels of total NNAL in the urine of 182 American smokeless tobacco users and 420 smokers (113). The results demonstrated that total NNAL levels were similar in the urine of smokeless tobacco users and smokers.…”

Section: The Second Re-emergence Of Smokeless Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in Selected Areas of Tobacco Carcinogenesis

Hecht

2007

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

Self Cite

261

242

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tobacco use continues to be a major cause of cancer in the developed world, and despite significant progress in this country in tobacco control, which is driving a decrease in cancer mortality, there are still over 1 billion smokers in the world. This perspective discusses some selected issues in tobacco carcinogenesis focusing on progress during the 20 years of publication of Chemical Research in Toxicology. The topics covered include metabolism and DNA modification by tobacco-specific nitrosamines, tobacco carcinogen biomarkers, an unidentified DNA ethylating agent in cigarette smoke, mutations in the K-RAS and p53 gene in tobacco-induced lung cancer and their possible relationship to specific carcinogens, secondhand smoke and lung cancer, emerging issues in smokeless tobacco use, and a conceptual model for understanding tobacco carcinogenesis. It is hoped that a better understanding of mechanisms of tobaccoinduced cancer will lead to new and useful approaches for the prevention of lung cancer and other cancers caused by tobacco use.

show abstract

“…The previous literature states that beedis contain much higher levels of phenol, hydrogen cyanide, benzo(a)pyrene and flavouring agents than conventional cigarettes and it may produce carcinogens other than those commonly found in tobacco [10]. Flavouring agents added to beedis are not rigidly controlled and so the composition may vary [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Carcinogenic Potential of Smokeless Tobacco and Smoked Tobacco by Quantifying the Excretion of Nicotine Metabolite NNAL in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia

Anser¹,

Aswath

2013

Ind J Clin Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The case control study was conducted to quantify the amount of the carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamine in smokeless tobacco users and smokers in patients with oral leukoplakia and also to emphasize the role of tobacco-specific nitrosamine in the incidence of oral leukoplakia. The study was conducted on 30 patients. The urine samples were obtained from smokeless tobacco users with oral leukoplakia, smokers with oral leukoplakia and non-tobacco users (i.e. people who do not use tobacco in any form). The collected samples were processed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A highly significant difference of NNAL[4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol] in smokeless tobacco users than tobacco smokers P = 0.0002 (Table 1) was obtained. This significant difference shows smokeless tobacco is more carcinogenic than smoked tobacco. This study confirmed that NNAL is a potent biomarker for calculating the risk of occurrence of carcinoma in smokeless tobacco users and smokers, and that smokeless tobacco is more harmful than smoked tobacco.

show abstract

Similar Exposure to a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen in Smokeless Tobacco Users and Cigarette Smokers

Cited by 103 publications

References 29 publications

Cancer and mortality among users and nonusers of snus

Cancer and mortality among users and nonusers of snus

Progress and Challenges in Selected Areas of Tobacco Carcinogenesis

Comparison of the Carcinogenic Potential of Smokeless Tobacco and Smoked Tobacco by Quantifying the Excretion of Nicotine Metabolite NNAL in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About