Similar reductions in the risk of human colon cancer by selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors

Abstract

Background: Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations suggest that aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have chemopreventive effects against colon cancer perhaps due at least in part to their activity against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme of the prostaglandin cascade.

The impact of anti-inflammatory agents on the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer

“…The use of NSAIDs decreases the number and size of colonic polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis; similarly, aspirin has also been found to confer a protective effect on the colorectum in patients with Lynch syndrome (26,27). Over the past two decades, increasing evidence from epidemiological studies has identified a potential role in the prophylaxis of sporadic CRC, with an approximate 30% risk reduction with aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDS and a potentially greater reduction with COXIB use (28,29). In general, a duration-dependent increase in risk reduction has been observed, with the greatest benefit seen after at least 10 years of continuous use.…”

Hit Identification and Biological Evaluation of Anticancer Pyrazolopyrimidines Endowed with Anti‐inflammatory Activity

“…[9] Evidence that COX-2 inhibition can prevent these types of cancer has been reported in the literature. [10][11][12][13] In a recent study, a dimethylamino pyrazolopyrimidine derivative (DPP) was identified as a potent inhibitor of PGE 2 production. [14] A further study confirmed the effect of DPP derivatives in vivo using a 24 h zymosan-injected mouse air pouch model.…”

Cyclooxygenase-2 and the inflammogenesis of breast cancer

“…Comparative studies of breast cancer and other neoplasms During the time period 1987-2008, we conducted a series of epidemiologic studies of NSAIDs and cancers of the breast, prostate, colon and lung [57,59,61,69,79,[95][96][97][98][99] . Five of these studies focused on cancer of the breast.…”

“…There was no effect of acetaminophen, an analgesic without COX-2 inhibiting properties (OR = 1.02). The inverse pattern of risk for acetaminophen, low dose aspirin, regular aspirin, ibuprofen and coxibs was significant by a linear trend test (P < 0.05) suggesting that chemopreventive effects become progressively stronger with greater selective COX-2 inhibition.Comparative studies of breast cancer and other neoplasms During the time period 1987-2008, we conducted a series of epidemiologic studies of NSAIDs and cancers of the breast, prostate, colon and lung [57,59,61,69,79,[95][96][97][98][99] . Five of these studies focused on cancer of the breast.…”