Similar Strains of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Found in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Bloodstream of Bacteremic Neonates

Adeghate, Jennifer; Juhász, Emese; Iván, Miklós; Pongrácz, Júlia; Kristóf, Katalin

doi:10.1155/2020/3509676

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As a result, we were able to prove a high degree of relationship between the colonization isolates of the neonates and the isolates of their own incubators, especially for the species S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. coli. In 22 out of 62 incubators, we found CoNS which can play a role in bacteraemia cases in neonates [25]. Similar pathogens have also been found on incubators in a study by Chavignon et al [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of the Incubator as Direct Patient Environment on Bacterial Colonization of Neonates

et al. 2021

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Background: Preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in neonatal intensive care units is a challenge of highest priority. For further insight into the incubator as direct patient environment and potential source for contamination, we present data correlating microbiological samples of very low birthweight infants in the form of colonization results of surveillance screenings with samples of their associated incubator in this study. Methods: Samples were taken via rectal and throat swabs of neonates as well as Polywipe® sponges for the incubator. If the same bacterial species was found in corresponding neonate and incubator samples, whole genome sequencing via Illumina technology was performed. Results: 52 microbiological species matches were found, and 30 matches were sequenced where we found 26 clonal pairs (12 E. faecalis, 10 S. aureus, 2 E. coli, 1 E. cloacae, and 1 E. faecium). Conclusion: The combinations of measurements of weekly screenings swabs, probing of surfaces with Polywipes®, and whole genome sequencing showed transmissions of microorganism and risk for potential non-physiological colonization of neonatal infants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of the Incubator as Direct Patient Environment on Bacterial Colonization of Neonates

et al. 2021

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“…This distinction will be especially important in determining the proximate source for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus BSI. These organisms are common gut microbiome and skin colonizers, so distinguishing them as cutaneous contamination or BSI in a blood culture requires clinical adjudication ( 3 , 52 ). For that reason, we excluded them from this present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut pathogen colonization precedes bloodstream infection in the neonatal intensive care unit

et al. 2023

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Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) resulting in late-onset sepsis affect up to half of extremely preterm infants and have substantial morbidity and mortality. Bacterial species associated with BSIs in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) commonly colonize the preterm infant gut microbiome. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the gut microbiome is a reservoir of BSI-causing pathogenic strains that increase in abundance before BSI onset. We analyzed 550 previously published fecal metagenomes from 115 hospitalized neonates and found that recent ampicillin, gentamicin, or vancomycin exposure was associated with increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae in infant guts. We then performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on 462 longitudinal fecal samples from 19 preterm infants (cases) with BSI and 37 non-BSI controls, along with whole-genome sequencing of the BSI isolates. Infants with BSI caused by Enterobacteriaceae were more likely than infants with BSI caused by other organisms to have had ampicillin, gentamicin, or vancomycin exposure in the 10 days before BSI. Relative to controls, gut microbiomes of cases had increased relative abundance of the BSI-causing species and clustered by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity according to BSI pathogen. We demonstrated that 11 of 19 (58%) of gut microbiomes before BSI, and 15 of 19 (79%) of gut microbiomes at any time, harbored the BSI isolate with fewer than 20 genomic substitutions. Last, BSI strains from the Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae families were detected in multiple infants, indicating BSI-strain transmission. Our findings support future studies to evaluate BSI risk prediction strategies based on gut microbiome abundance in hospitalized preterm infants.

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“…In one CoNS bacteraemia study, 50% of cases were catheter-related, and 67.1% of these were linked to CVCs, while other sources included the digestive tract (12.1%) and skin (8.5%) [ 82 ]. In a 2020 study by Adeghate et al [ 83 ], it was noted that gastrointestinal tract colonisation with CoNS was associated with an increased incidence of bacteraemia, with both CoNS and Enterobacterales species [ 83 ]. Risk factors for S. capitis bacteraemia include prior surgical treatment, receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics in the previous two weeks and longer hospital stays [ 84 ].…”

Section: Staphylococcus Capitis Infection and Colonisation I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus capitis: Review of Its Role in Infections and Outbreaks

et al. 2023

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In June 2021, a national incident team was formed due to an increased detection of Staphylococcus capitis in samples from hospitalised infants. Staphylococcus capitis has been known to cause outbreaks in neonatal units across the globe, but the extent of the UK spread was unclear. A literature review was undertaken to support case identification, clinical management and environmental infection control. A literature search was undertaken on multiple databases from inception to 24 May 2021, using keywords such as “Staphylococcus capitis”, “NRCS-A”, “S. capitis”, “neonate”, “newborn” and “neonatal intensive care unit” (NICU). After screening, 223 articles of relevance were included. Results show incidences of S. capitis outbreaks have frequently been associated with the outbreak clone (NRCS-A) and environmental sources. The NRCS-A harbours a multidrug resistance profile that includes resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides, with several papers noting resistance or heteroresistance to vancomycin. The NRCS-A clone also harbours a novel SCCmec-SCCcad/ars/cop composite island and increased vancomycin resistance. The S. capitis NRCS-A clone has been detected for decades, but the reasons for the potentially increased frequency are unclear, as are the most effective interventions to manage outbreaks associated with this clone. This supports the need for improvements in environmental control and decontamination strategies to prevent transmission.

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Similar Strains of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Found in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Bloodstream of Bacteremic Neonates

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Influence of the Incubator as Direct Patient Environment on Bacterial Colonization of Neonates

Influence of the Incubator as Direct Patient Environment on Bacterial Colonization of Neonates

Gut pathogen colonization precedes bloodstream infection in the neonatal intensive care unit

Staphylococcus capitis: Review of Its Role in Infections and Outbreaks

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