Similar time courses for word form and meaning preactivation during sentence comprehension

DeLong, Katherine A.; Chan, Wen-Hsuan; Kutas, Marta

doi:10.1111/psyp.13312

Cited by 30 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…DeLong et al. (2019), consistent with other ERP sentence studies testing orthographic neighbors of predictable words in predictive contexts at presentation rates at or near two words/s (e.g., Kim & Lai, 2012; Laszlo & Federmeier, 2009), reported N400 amplitude reductions to those conditions—results that argue for word form prediction at a faster rate than cited by Ito et al. (2016).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Testing limits: ERP evidence for word form preactivation during speeded sentence reading

2020

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While it is commonly agreed upon that language comprehenders preactivate information at multiple levels, there is less consensus regarding what and when information is predicted, under which circumstances, and via which mechanism(s). Regarding when, Ito, Corley, Pickering, Martin, & Nieuwland (2016) concluded that during sentence processing, word form—unlike semantic—preactivation crucially relies on the time available to generate late‐stage predictions via language production mechanisms, setting this limit between 500 and 700 ms/word. The current event‐related brain potential (ERP) study tests this proposal at a substantially faster serial visual presentation (SVP) rate of four words/s, on par with normal reading. We utilize the experimental design and replicate the general ERP findings of the two words/s SVP study of DeLong, Chan, & Kutas (2019), with results showing similar N400 reductions to unpredictable sentence continuations whether semantically or orthographically related to contextually predictable words, as well as an increased late posterior positivity to orthographic neighbors. These findings indicate that processing of written word information can be rapidly facilitated through context‐based expectancies, establishing that if there is a time constraint for word form preactivation, it must be far less than limits specified by the prediction‐by‐production comprehension model championed by Ito et al.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…In contrast, DeLong et al. (2019) presented evidence from a similar ERP experimental design, with different results and conclusions. DeLong et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Testing limits: ERP evidence for word form preactivation during speeded sentence reading

2020

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“…We followed previous studies in using an stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 700 ms to investigate the prediction of upcoming target words (Ito et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017). However, the presentation rate has a significant impact on generation of predictions at different representational levels (e.g., Ito et al, 2016; but see also Delong et al, 2019). The 700 ms SOA might allow more time to generate predictions than in experiments with shorter SOAs, benefiting predictions at more specific representational levels (Ito et al, 2016).…”

Section: Effect Of Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction differs at sentence and discourse level: An event-related potential study

Chang

Yang

2020

Applied Psycholinguistics

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This study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how predicting upcoming words differ when contextual information used to generate the prediction is from the immediately preceding sentence context versus an earlier discourse context. Four-sentence discourses were presented to participants, with the critical words in the last sentences, either predictable or unpredictable based on sentence- or discourse-level contextual information. At the sentence level, the crucial contextual information for prediction was provided by the last sentence, where the critical word was embedded (e.g., Xiaoyu came to the living room. She made a cup of lemon tea. Then she sat down in a chair. She opened a box/an album to look at the pictures.), and at the discourse level by the first sentence (e.g., Xiaoyu took out a box/an album. She made a cup of lemon tea. Then she sat down in a chair. She leisurely looked at the pictures.). Results showed reduced N400 for predictable words compared to unpredictable counterparts at sentence and discourse levels and also a post-N400 positivity effect of predictability at sentence level. This suggests that both sentence- and discourse-level semantic information help readers predict upcoming words, but supportive sentence context more than discourse context.

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“… 3 Note, however, that there has been a discussion about the timing of the orthographic relatedness effect (see Ito et al, 2016; DeLong et al, 2018). …”

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confidence: 99%

Toward a Neurobiologically Plausible Model of Language-Related, Negative Event-Related Potentials

Bornkessel-Schlesewsky

2019

Front. Psychol.

158

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Language-related event-related potential (ERP) components such as the N400 have traditionally been associated with linguistic or cognitive functional interpretations. By contrast, it has been considerably more difficult to relate these components to neurobiologically grounded accounts of language. Here, we propose a theoretical framework based on a predictive coding architecture, within which negative language-related ERP components such as the N400 can be accounted for in a neurobiologically plausible manner. Specifically, we posit that the amplitude of negative language-related ERP components reflects precision-weighted prediction error signals, i.e., prediction errors weighted by the relevance of the information source leading to the error. From this perspective, precision has a direct link to cue validity in a particular language and, thereby, to relevance of individual linguistic features for internal model updating. We view components such as the N400 and LAN as members of a family with similar functional characteristics and suggest that latency and topography differences between these components reflect the locus of prediction errors and model updating within a hierarchically organized cortical predictive coding architecture. This account has the potential to unify findings from the full range of the N400 literature, including word-level, sentence-, and discourse-level results as well as cross-linguistic differences.

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Similar time courses for word form and meaning preactivation during sentence comprehension

Cited by 30 publications

References 62 publications

Testing limits: ERP evidence for word form preactivation during speeded sentence reading

Testing limits: ERP evidence for word form preactivation during speeded sentence reading

Prediction differs at sentence and discourse level: An event-related potential study

Toward a Neurobiologically Plausible Model of Language-Related, Negative Event-Related Potentials

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