Similarities and Differences between Dreaming and Waking Cognition: An Exploratory Study

Kahan, Tracey L.; LaBerge, Stephen; Levitan, Lynne; Zimbardo, Philip G.

doi:10.1006/ccog.1996.0274

Cited by 66 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is only the latter that is absent in the dream state. According to a more robust revision of the distinction, dreaming and waking cognition do not differ qualitatively (Kahan, LaBerge, Levitan, & Zimbardo, 1997). Reflective awareness and other metacognitive experiences might well be more common in dream cognition than is typically believed; that such experiences are seldom reported might be more a reflection of methodological artifact than of actual dream experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

What subjective experiences determine the perception of falling asleep during sleep onset period?

Yang

Han

Yang

et al. 2010

Consciousness and Cognition

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a b s t r a c tSleep onset is associated with marked changes in behavioral, physiological, and subjective phenomena. In daily life though subjective experience is the main criterion in terms of which we identify it. But very few studies have focused on these experiences. This study seeks to identify the subjective variables that reflect sleep onset. Twenty young subjects took an afternoon nap in the laboratory while polysomnographic recordings were made. They were awakened four times in order to assess subjective experiences that correlate with the (1) appearance of slow eye movement, (2) initiation of stage 1 sleep, (3) initiation of stage 2 sleep, and (4) 5 min after the start of stage 2 sleep. A logistic regression identified control over and logic of thought as the two variables that predict the perception of having fallen asleep. For sleep perception, these two variables accurately classified 91.7% of the cases; for the waking state, 84.1%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

What subjective experiences determine the perception of falling asleep during sleep onset period?

Yang

Han

Yang

et al. 2010

Consciousness and Cognition

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“…Second, our investigation did not address the dream content, relying instead on subjects' ratings of saliency characteristics of "typical" dreams. Although this approach is preferable to utilizing an objectively-based content analysis [17] or home dream diaries [74] for capturing phenomenological qualities of dreaming, obtaining reports of ongoing dream data through home recording and comparing these reports to waking fantasy measures would be an invaluable adjunct to our data.…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher-order cognitive activity appears to be a regular feature of nonlucid dreams as well [17,28]. For example, Purcell and associates have demonstrated a significant prevalence of self-reflection and intentionality in dreams and have shown how shifting attention to these processes results in both increases in metacognitive dream behavior and increased dream to waking transfer effects [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of Waking Fantasy to Dreaming

Levin¹,

Young²

2002

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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This study investigated the relationship between fantasy immersion (fantasy proneness, absorption, and positive-constructive daydreaming) and qualities of nocturnal dreaming in a large non-clinical community-based sample (n = 288). The results indicate a strong linear relationship between all of the waking fantasy measures, especially positive-constructive daydreaming style, and phenomenal qualities of dreaming. Further, men and women differed significantly, both in how they experience waking fantasy and with regard to which waking fantasy measures predicted to the dreaming measures. These data suggest that waking and dreaming are not discrete states of consciousness with clearly defined parameters but rather represent continuous attentional states which comprise the "stream of consciousness" endemic to human cognition.

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“…In fact, research shows that our waking and dreaming cognitions have much in common (Kahan, LaBerge, Levitan, & Zimbardo, 1997;Kahan & LaBerge, 1996, 2011Wolman & Kozmová, 2007). During wakefulness we are also often not explicitly and fully aware of the present state of awareness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%