Similarities and Differences in Tobacco Control Research Findings From Convenience and Probability Samples

Jeong, Michelle; Zhang, Dongyu; Morgan, Jennifer C.; Ross, Jennifer Cornacchione; Osman, Amira; Boynton, Marcella H.; Mendel, Jennifer; Brewer, Noel T.

doi:10.1093/abm/kay059

Cited by 147 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Finally, while the online sample was designed to reflect the diversity of the Colombian population, individuals with low literacy, less than a high school diploma, or lack of access to the internet were less likely to be included in this online panel. On the other hand, previous research has suggested that online convenience samples can lead to generalizable findings for experiments [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing an Effective Front-of-Package Warning Label for Food and Drinks High in Added Sugar, Sodium, or Saturated Fat in Colombia: An Online Experiment

Taillie¹,

Hall²,

Gómez

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Policies to require warnings on the front of food and drinks high in nutrients of concern (e.g., added sugar, sodium, or saturated fat) are becoming increasingly common as an obesity prevention strategy. Colombia, a country with growing prevalence of obesity, is considering implementing a similar policy. The objective of this study was to assess perceptions and reactions to different warning designs. We conducted a randomized experiment in an online panel of adults age > 18y (n = 1997). Participants were randomized to view one of four labels: a control label (barcode), an octagon warning, a circle warning, and a triangle warning. Participants viewed their randomly assigned label on a series of products and answered questions (continuous outcomes ranged from 1–4). Compared to the control, all warnings led to higher perceived message effectiveness (increase in mean from 1.79 in the control to 2.59–2.65 in the warning conditions, p < 0.001), a higher percentage of participants who correctly identified products high in nutrients of concern (from 48% in the control condition to 84–89% in the warning conditions, p < 0.001), and reduced intentions to purchases these products (decrease in mean from 2.59 to 1.99–2.01 in the warning conditions, p < 0.001). Relative to the control, warnings performed similarly across education levels, suggesting this policy would be equitable in Colombia. Looking at differences by warning type, the pattern of results suggested that the octagon warnings performed best. After viewing all label types, 49% of participants selected the octagon warning as the one that most discouraged them from consuming products high in nutrients of concern, while 21% and 27% selected the circle and triangle warning. Colombian policymakers should consider the octagon warning as part of a front-of-package labeling policy to help consumers identify and reduce consumption of foods and drinks high in nutrients of concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing an Effective Front-of-Package Warning Label for Food and Drinks High in Added Sugar, Sodium, or Saturated Fat in Colombia: An Online Experiment

Taillie¹,

Hall²,

Gómez

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…Online convenience samples are a quick and low-cost way to study health behaviour and can yield highly generalisable findings for experiments. 28 Participants were current e-cigarette users (defined as currently vaping every day or some days 29 ), current smokers (defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes and now smoking every day or some days 30 31 ) or dual users (defined as a current e-cigarette user and current smoker). Recruitment occurred through Amazon's Prime Panels, a platform with access to over 20 million participants for behavioural research.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of e-cigarette health warnings on motivation to vape and smoke

Brewer¹,

Jeong

Hall³

et al. 2019

Tob Control

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BackgroundA prevailing hypothesis is that health warnings for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) could drive people away from vaping and towards smoking cigarettes. We consider an alternative hypothesis that e-cigarette warnings discourage both vaping and smoking.MethodsParticipants were a national convenience sample of 2218 US adults who used e-cigarettes, cigarettes or both. In August 2018, we randomised participants to one of three warning types (control text about littering, text-only e-cigarette warning or pictorial e-cigarette warning). We further randomised participants viewing e-cigarette warnings to one of three topics (nicotine addiction, health hazards of use, or both health hazards and harms of use). The preregistered primary outcome was intentions to quit vaping among e-cigarette users. Secondary outcomes included interest in smoking and Tobacco Warnings Model constructs: attention, negative affect, anticipated social interactions and cognitive elaboration.ResultsText warnings elicited higher intentions to quit vaping than control among e-cigarette users (d=0.44, p<0.001), and pictorial warnings elicited still higher intentions to quit vaping than text (d=0.12, p<0.05). Text warnings elicited lower interest in smoking compared with control among smokers (p<0.05); warnings had no other effects on interest in smoking among smokers or non-smokers. Text warnings about health hazards elicited higher intentions to quit vaping than nicotine addiction warnings. E-cigarette warnings also increased Tobacco Warnings Model constructs.DiscussionE-cigarette health warnings may motivate users to quit vaping and discourage smoking. The most promising warnings include health hazards (other than nicotine addiction) and imagery. We found no support for the hypothesis that e-cigarette warnings could encourage smoking cigarettes.

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“…Because the use of convenience samples, such as MTurk, can raise questions about generalizability, recent research has investigated the correspondence between experimental results obtained from MTurk and other samples (see Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz ). Research comparing treatment effects from experiments conducted with population‐based samples to those from experiments conducted in MTurk generally shows high levels of correspondence (see Coppock ; Coppock, Leeper, and Mullinix ; Jeong et al ; Mullinix et al ). There is also evidence that liberals and conservatives on MTurk share the views of their ideological counterparts in the U.S. population (Clifford, Jewell, and Waggoner ).…”

Section: Survey Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Administrative Burden Influence Public Support for Government Programs? Evidence from a Survey Experiment

Keiser

Miller

2019

Public Administration Review

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Research indicates that administrative burden influences the behaviors and views of clients and potential clients of government programs. However, administrative burden may also shape mass attitudes toward government programs. Taking a behavioral public administration approach, the authors consider whether and how exposure to information about administrative burden embedded within eligibility-based programs influences citizen favorability toward those programs. It is hypothesized that if information about the existing screening mechanisms is highlighted and made salient, this will lead to greater approval of eligibility-based programs. This expectation is evaluated using a survey experiment that explores administrative burden in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The evidence shows that being exposed to information about administrative burden increases favorability toward TANF and its recipients, though these effects are conditional on party identification. The results provide insight into a potential consequence of administrative burden, showing the way in which information regarding burden can shape citizens' support for eligibility-based programs. Evidence for Practice• Public managers in social welfare programs face challenges in gaining public support because of the stigma associated with these programs. • The evidence suggests that giving the public information about program screening improves views toward welfare programs. • Increasing awareness about program screening processes may be beneficial. However, public officials should consider potential trade-offs, such as discouraging applications. Susan M. Miller is associate professor of political science at the University of South Carolina. Broadly, her research explores the consequences of institutional and program design for policy implementation and outcomes.

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Similarities and Differences in Tobacco Control Research Findings From Convenience and Probability Samples

Abstract: Using MTurk convenience samples can yield generalizable findings for experiments and observational studies. Prevalence estimates from MTurk convenience samples are likely to be over- or underestimates.

Cited by 147 publications

References 24 publications

Designing an Effective Front-of-Package Warning Label for Food and Drinks High in Added Sugar, Sodium, or Saturated Fat in Colombia: An Online Experiment

Designing an Effective Front-of-Package Warning Label for Food and Drinks High in Added Sugar, Sodium, or Saturated Fat in Colombia: An Online Experiment

Impact of e-cigarette health warnings on motivation to vape and smoke

Does Administrative Burden Influence Public Support for Government Programs? Evidence from a Survey Experiment

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