Similarities and Differences of Low Salinity Polymer and Low Salinity LPS (Linked Polymer Solutions) for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Abstract

I would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the the Research Council of Norway through the PETROMAKS program. I also gratefully acknowledge Uni CIPR and Uni Research for providing me the opportunity to participate in the PhD program in the period 2010-2013, and furthermore, offering me a permanent position as a senior researcher, thereafter. Thanks also to the administration staff, to make CIPR a social environment and a friendly working place. Many thanks to my fellow students and colleagues at CIPR and EOR Group, especially Anita Torabi, and fellow PhDs Reza Alikarami, Nematollah Zamani, Jonas Solbakken, Annette Meland Johannessen, and my office-mate Abduljelil Kedir for their support, discussions and friendship. I heartily send my thanks and appreciation to my beloved mother and father and dear brothers for their love, enthusiastic support and encouragement. I would also like to send my gratitude to my parent in-law for their supports and care throughout these years. Last, but not least I wish to express my sincere appreciation and recognition to my lovely wife, Enciyeh, and my precious son, Sahand, for having them with me, for their true love and patience, and their unconditional support during the course of this work.

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr3+ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr3+ System in Microfractures

“…However, when transporting in porous media, because of the small size of the pore and throat, it only extends along the injection direction through its deformation. Moreover, the elasticity modulus of the cross-linked HPAM is higher than that of the HPAM with the linear structure, which leads to deformation of the cross-linked HPAM being more difficult. , Therefore, the flow resistance of cross-linked HPAM in porous media is higher than that of HPAM.…”

“…This conclusion is different from what we have known about the intramolecular cross-linking of polymers (e.g., LPS, CDG, etc. ), 47 which are used to improve the injection pressure and flow diversion in porous media. Via the intramolecular cross-linking reaction, the linear structure of the HPAM molecule is transformed to a twodimensional (2D) structure but not a 3D structure.…”

Low Salinity Polymer Flooding: Effect on Polymer Rheology, Injectivity, Retention, and Oil Recovery Efficiency

“…Researchers have tried to find out the possible low salinity polymer synergism through different approaches in very recent times, but up to now, most of these studies focused only on the viscosity dependence of the bulk polymer solution on makeup brine salinity. Many of these studies are based on simulations with little or no experimental effort. , Shaker Shiran and Skauge , experimentally studied the oil recovery efficiency of low salinity polymer flooding for intermediate wet sandstone. Their study does not provide any comparison with high salinity polymer flooding, which makes it difficult to identify the low salinity polymer synergy.…”

“…Many of these studies are based on simulations with little or no experimental effort. 35,36 Shaker Shiran and Skauge 37,38 experimentally studied the oil recovery efficiency of low salinity polymer flooding for intermediate wet sandstone. Their study does not provide any comparison with high salinity polymer flooding, which makes it difficult to identify the low salinity polymer synergy.…”

Coupling Microfluidics Data with Core Flooding Experiments to Understand Sulfonated/Polymer Water Injection

“…On the other hand, polymer flooding is expected to improve the macroscopic sweep efficiency, due to a favourable displacement mobility ratio. Hence, the hybrid process is expected to provide the combined benefits of both EOR methods [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Low-salinity/sulfate-modified water injection as a pre-flush is expected to change the reservoir wettability from oil-wet to water-wet and change the fluid distribution in the reservoir.…”