Similarity between Copper Resistance Genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and P. syringae pv. tomato

Nakajima, Masami; Goto, Masao; Hibi, Tadaaki

doi:10.1007/pl00013056

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…syringae UMAF0081 and P. syringae pv. syringae [6][7][8][9]. This novel arrangement has been also detected in the draft genomes of P. syringae pv.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Recruitment and Rearrangement of Three Different Genetic Determinants into a Conjugative Plasmid Increase Copper Resistance in Pseudomonas syringae

Gutiérrez‐Barranquero

Vicente

Carrión

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We describe the genetic organization of a copper-resistant plasmid containing copG and cusCBA genes in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Chromosomal variants of czcCBA and a plasmid variant of cusCBA were present in different P. syringae pathovar strains. Transformation of the copper-sensitive Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae FF5 strain with copG or cusCBA conferred copper resistance, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments confirmed their induction by copper. Pseudomonas syringae is a common foliar bacterium and causal agent of plant diseases in many different hosts worldwide, affecting both woody trees and herbaceous plants (1).Copper bactericides have been widely used for decades to control bacterial infections in crop plants (2). However, the extensive use of copper bactericides can lead to many problems, among them the reduction of efficacy of this antimicrobial agent due to the selection of copper-resistant (Cu r ) strains (3, 4). Copper resistance determinants have been detected and described in several pathovars of P. syringae (3, 5-7) and are frequently encoded within native plasmids (3,8,9). These native Cu r plasmids contribute to the dissemination of resistance genes among P. syringae strains from different pathovars (5, 10, 11). The copABCD genes, which were first described in a plasmid of P. syringae pv. tomato PT23 (8), is an important determinant of copper resistance in P. syringae and other phytopathogenic bacteria (6,8,9,(12)(13)(14). However, additional studies have shown that P. syringae may harbor other variants of Cu r determinants (3, 7, 15). The efflux system czcCBA and the analogous system cusCBA are probably the best-characterized members of the heavy metal efflux (HME)-RND (resistance-nodulation-cell division) family. The czcCBA system functions in the detoxification of cadmiun, zinc, and cobalt (16,17), and the cusCBA system works in detoxifying monovalent cations, such as silver and copper (16,18). These efflux systems have been widely studied in Cupriavidus metallidurans (formerly Ralstonia metallidurans or Alcaligenes eutrophus) (16,(19)(20)(21)(22), Escherichia coli (18, 23), and Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (24-26), but no further studies have been carried out for the plant pathogen P. syringae pv. syringae.In this work, we detected that the majority of the cusCBA genes from different Pseudomonas species could be wrongly annotated as czcCBA genes, based on the analysis of the conserved motifs of the RND transporter domains (27). This inaccurate annotation creates problems in the database regarding czcCBA or cusCBA genes in the Pseudomonas genus.Our goal was to identify and characterize plasmid-encoded Cu r genes in the P. syringae pv. syringae UMAF0081 strain. The bacterial strains used, and sizes of native plasmids harbored by the strains, are listed in Table 1. Each native plasmid examined is a member of the pPT23A plasmid family, a group of related plasmids broadly distributed within P. syringae and the related phytopathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi (32). These...

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“…syringae UMAF0081 and P. syringae pv. syringae [6][7][8][9]. This novel arrangement has been also detected in the draft genomes of P. syringae pv.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The copABCD genes, which were first described in a plasmid of P. syringae pv. tomato PT23 (8), is an important determinant of copper resistance in P. syringae and other phytopathogenic bacteria (6,8,9,(12)(13)(14). However, additional studies have shown that P. syringae may harbor other variants of Cu r determinants (3, 7, 15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment and Rearrangement of Three Different Genetic Determinants into a Conjugative Plasmid Increase Copper Resistance in Pseudomonas syringae

Gutiérrez‐Barranquero

Vicente

Carrión

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…On the other hand, P. syringae pv. tomato containing only one copRSABCD operon for copper resistance has also a MIC value of 3 mM (Nakajima, 2002). In addition, some microorganisms such as A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 or Metallosphaera sedula that do not contain metal resistance genes in their GIs, are still highly resistant to heavy metals (Table 1).…”

Section: Are Canonical Metal Resistance Determinants Able To Confer Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Resistance Strategies of Acidophilic Bacteria and Their Acquisition: Importance for Biomining and Bioremediation

2013

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Microbial solubilizing of metals in acid environments is successfully used in industrial bioleaching of ores or biomining to extract metals such as copper, gold, uranium and others. This is done mainly by acidophilic and other microorganisms that mobilize metals and generate acid mine drainage or AMD, causing serious environmental problems. However, bioremediation or removal of the toxic metals from contaminated soils can be achieved by using the specifi c properties of the acidophilic microorganisms interacting with these elements. These bacteria resist high levels of metals by using a few "canonical" systems such as active effl ux or trapping of the metal ions by metal chaperones. Nonetheless, gene duplications, the presence of genomic islands, the existence of additional mechanisms such as passive instruments for pH and cation homeostasis in acidophiles and an inorganic polyphosphate-driven metal resistance mechanism have also been proposed. Horizontal gene transfer in environmental microorganisms present in natural ecosystems is considered to be an important mechanism in their adaptive evolution. This process is carried out by diff erent mobile genetic elements, including genomic islands (GI), which increase the adaptability and versatility of the microorganism. This mini-review also describes the possible role of GIs in metal resistance of some environmental microorganisms of importance in biomining and bioremediation of metal polluted environments such as Thiomonas arsenitoxydans, a moderate acidophilic microorganism, Acidithiobacillus caldus and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains ATCC 23270 and ATCC 53993, all extreme acidophiles able to tolerate exceptionally high levels of heavy metals. Some of these bacteria contain variable numbers of GIs, most of which code for high numbers of genes related to metal resistance. In some cases there is an apparent correlation between the number of metal resistance genes and the metal tolerance of each of these microorganisms. It is expected that a detailed knowledge of the mechanisms that these environmental microorganisms use to adapt to their harsh niche will help to improve biomining and metal bioremediation in industrial processes.

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“…Due to an excessive use of copper sprays, previous outbreaks of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Japan induced the occurrence of copperresistant strains causing the failure of control programmes (Goto et al, 1994;Nakajima et al, 2002). To possibly avoid this problem, with compounds showing an in vitro bactericidal efficacy, field trials were performed to further verify if some product could be added to protect the vines from Psa during the whole season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics, epidemiology and integrated approach for the coexistence with bacterial canker of kiwifruit, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

et al. 2014

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Bacterial canker of kiwifruit, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, is a destructive disease found in all major areas of production of green-fleshed (Actinidia deliciosa) and yellow-fleshed (A. chinensis) kiwifruit of the world (i.e, Europe, China, New Zealand and Chile). A series of studies and field trials concerning epidemiology, agronomical techniques, new bactericides effectiveness as well as molecular typing analysis, genomic and proteomic, allowed us to elucidate the cycle of disease of the pathogen, to dissect its main genomic features, to point out the plant proteins involved in resistance/tolerance to the bacterium, to modify some basic agronomical techniques and to propose new compounds that currently, at least in the province of Latina and Rome, Italy, allow the farmers to coexist with the pathogen by reaching the full yield and quality of the crop as before the appearance of the disease. IntroductionIn the provinces of Latina and Roma (Latium region, central Italy), during spring 2008, the first occurrence of symptoms resembling those induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) were observed in kiwifruit orchards cultivated with the high-prized, yellow-fleshed Actinidia chinensis cvs Hort16A and JinTao Scortichini, 2009, 2010). The outbreak continued during summer, autumn and winter causing severe damages and economic losses. Main symptoms were leaf spotting, twig wilting, reddening of the lenticels, canker along the branches and trunk, oozing from twig, branches and trunk. In Latium, during the following two-three years, the disease was observed also on the green-fleshed A. deliciosa cv. Hayward and destroyed almost totally about 900 ha of A. chinensis. During 2009-2011, the bacterium was also recorded, both on A. chinensis and A. deliciosa and their pollinators, in the other main areas of kiwifruit cultivation in northern (Emilia-Romagna, Piemonte, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and southern Italy (Calabria, Campania). In any area the damages caused by Psa were very relevant, so that some regions devoted money to partly compensate part of the farmers. The absence of registered agrochemicals to control the pathogen augmented both the severity of the disease and the alarmism of the farmers. Contemporaneously, bacterial canker of kiwifruit affecting either A. chinensis or A. deliciosa was also found in all main countries where the crop is cultivated, namely New Zealand, Chile, China, France, Portugal and Spain . Materials and methodsThe economic importance of the crop and the severity of the epidemics prompted us to start studies aimed at dissecting both some basic molecular features of the pathogen and its field behaviour. So, some investigations for elucidating the population structure of the pathogen, the genomic features of such populations as well as to point out proteins involved both in the necrothrophic and biothrophic phase of the bacterium were performed. Currently, three Psa populations are recognised: Psa 1 including strains of past epidemics in Japan and Ita...

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Similarity between Copper Resistance Genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and P. syringae pv. tomato

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

Recruitment and Rearrangement of Three Different Genetic Determinants into a Conjugative Plasmid Increase Copper Resistance in Pseudomonas syringae

Recruitment and Rearrangement of Three Different Genetic Determinants into a Conjugative Plasmid Increase Copper Resistance in Pseudomonas syringae

Heavy Metal Resistance Strategies of Acidophilic Bacteria and Their Acquisition: Importance for Biomining and Bioremediation

Omics, epidemiology and integrated approach for the coexistence with bacterial canker of kiwifruit, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

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