Similarity

Hahn, Ulrike

doi:10.1002/wcs.1282

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many of our most important social interactions involve language use, be it at work or in our personal lives. Moreover, the particular cognitive process affected here, similarity assessment, is generally held to be central to human cognition and to underlie many of our daily mental operations, from categorization to reasoning and problem solving (Hahn, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking Is Modulated by Recent Linguistic Experience: Second Language Priming Affects Perceived Event Similarity

Montero-Melis

Bylund

2016

Language Learning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Can recent second language (L2) exposure affect what we judge to be similar events? Using a priming paradigm, we manipulated whether native Swedish adult learners of L2 Spanish were primed to use path or manner during L2 descriptions of scenes depicting caused motion events (encoding phase). Subsequently, participants engaged in a nonverbal task, arranging events on the screen according to similarity (test phase). Path versus manner priming affected how participants judged event similarity during the test phase. The effects we find support the hypotheses that (a) speakers create or select ad hoc conceptual categories that are based on linguistic knowledge to carry out nonverbal tasks, and that (b) short-term, recent L2 experience can affect this ad hoc process. These findings further suggest that cognition can flexibly draw on linguistic categories that have been implicitly highlighted during recent exposure.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking Is Modulated by Recent Linguistic Experience: Second Language Priming Affects Perceived Event Similarity

Montero-Melis

Bylund

2016

Language Learning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It should be noted that MDS is not the only approach we could have adopted. There are a variety of models of similarity and each has its own assumptions regarding the fundamental ways in which psychological similarity is represented by people, the ways in which similarity estimates are constructed, and so on (see Hahn, 2014, for discussion). Spatial models of similarity represent objects as points in a hypothetical "psychological space," wherein the similarity of a pair of items is represented by their distance in space (with like items being located close to one another, and vice versa; see Shepard, 1980;Shepard, 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database: A collection of novel images for use in experimental research

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Clearly, similarity plays an important role in vision, but it should be appreciated that its utility is not limited to visual cognition or, for that matter, cognition more broadly construed (Hahn, 2014; Hout et al, 2013). The concept of “sameness” is important to understanding attention and perception (Nosofsky, 1986; Solan & Ruppin, 2001), as well as predictions from memory theories (Gillund & Shiffrin, 1984; Hintzman, 1986, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using multidimensional scaling to quantify similarity in visual search and beyond

Hout

Godwin

Fitzsimmons

et al. 2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visual search is one of the most widely studied topics in vision science, both as an independent topic of interest, and as a tool for studying attention and visual cognition. A wide literature exists that seeks to understand how people find things under varying conditions of difficulty and complexity, and in situations ranging from the mundane (e.g., looking for one’s keys) to those with significant societal importance (e.g., baggage or medical screening). A primary determinant of the ease and probability of success during search are the similarity relationships that exist in the search environment, such as the similarity between the background and the target, or the likeness of the non-targets to one another. A sense of similarity is often intuitive, but it is seldom quantified directly. This presents a problem in that similarity relationships are imprecisely specified, limiting the capacity of the researcher to examine adequately their influence. In this article, we present a novel approach to overcoming this problem that combines multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses with behavioral and eye-tracking measurements. We propose a method whereby MDS can be repurposed to successfully quantify the similarity of experimental stimuli, thereby opening up theoretical questions in visual search and attention that cannot currently be addressed. These quantifications, in conjunction with behavioral and oculomotor measures, allow for critical observations about how similarity affects performance, information selection, and information processing. We provide a demonstration and tutorial of the approach, identify documented examples of its use, discuss how complementary computer vision methods could also be adopted, and close with a discussion of potential avenues for future application of this technique.

show abstract

Similarity

Abstract: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Thinking Is Modulated by Recent Linguistic Experience: Second Language Priming Affects Perceived Event Similarity

Thinking Is Modulated by Recent Linguistic Experience: Second Language Priming Affects Perceived Event Similarity

The Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database: A collection of novel images for use in experimental research

Using multidimensional scaling to quantify similarity in visual search and beyond

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About