Similarity of Data from Bee Bread with the Same Taxa Collected in India and Romania

Abstract

Bee Bread samples from Romania and India were analysed by microscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC/DAD) and compared with pollen from the correspondent taxa. The quantification of sugars, fructose/glucose ratio, total phenolics and flavonoids was also carried out. From the results was possible to identify Brassica and Eucalyptus samples that present similar HPLC/DAD profiles with the respective ultraviolet (UV) identification of the main compounds as Kaempferol-3-O-glycosides and Hydrocinnamic acid derivatives. The Fructose/Glucose (F/G) ratio and the total amounts of phenolics and flavonoids was in line with the prevalence of the specie identified. These coincident fingerprints gave the identification of the samples, as was previously proposed for bee pollens. This paper relates for the first time the achievement on the taxon carried out previously only for bee pollens. It was reported for the first time that this phenolic profile remains unchanged in the case of floral pollen (hand collected), bee pollen and bee bread. Despite the biochemical transformation that occurs during the fermentation of bee bread, it seems that these phenolic compounds are not affected and remain unchanged. Also, variables such as soil and climate do not seem to influence these compounds for the kind of samples under study.

Bee bread as a functional product: Chemical composition and bioactive properties

“…10.9 ± 0.9 using a GC-MS analysis, naringenin, kaempferol, apigenin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and also vitamin E (α tocopherol) in bee bread from Latvia, Russia and Poland. A recent study published by Urcan et al (2018) it was demonstrated that the phenolic profile of BB is identical to the corresponding flora pollen (hand collected) and bee pollen. Despite the biochemical transformation that occurs during the fermentation of the bee bread, the phenolic compounds are unaffected and remain unchanged.…”

Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity of Berries and Leaves from Four Romanian Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Varieties

“…Due to significant differences in terms of the flavonol glycosides content of sea buckthorn berries and leaves, these compounds can be considered as biomarkers for the classification or recognition of sea buckthorn belonging to different species and varieties. It is known that the phenolic composition of plant species depends on its chemotype and on various environmental factors [35].…”

Bee Collected Pollen and Bee Bread: Bioactive Constituents and Health Benefits

“…The composition of BB has a major impact when it comes to the flora in the colony's region; it is similar to BP and varies by botanical origin. However, the identification of the main flora can also be analyzed using fingerprints of the phenolic and polyphenolic compounds performed by high performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) assays [77].…”