Simoloyer® CM100s:Semi-Continuous Mechanical Alloying on a Production Scale part II

An investigation into the effect of ball milling of reinforcement on the enhanced mechanical response of magnesium

“…The increase in composites hardness by contribution of either as-received or ball-milled Al particles can commonly be attributed to: (1) reasonably uniform distribution of Al and Al 2 O 3 (Figure 2) particles in the matrix; 19 (2) higher constraint to localized matrix deformation during indentation due to the presence of second phases; and (3) reduced grain size (Table 1). 20,21 Higher hardness of Mg/Al (B) composite samples compared to its Mg/Al counterparts can be attributed to smaller average matrix grain size (Table 2) and smaller size of aluminum particles.…”

Waste-free large-scale syntheses without auxiliaries for sustainable production omitting purifying workup

“…Furthermore, they run under controlled conditions like vacuum, inert gas or in closed circuits. 6 The systems are presently available from 0.5 to 400 l grinding chamber capacity, 7 and larger volumes seem to be possible. They are already in wide industrial use for mechanical alloying of different metals and/or ceramics and production of nanocrystalline metal hydrides, [8][9][10][11] due to an intensive grinding effect at low energy costs (e.g.…”

“…6 The systems are presently available from 0.5 to 400 l grinding chamber capacity, 7 and larger volumes seem to be possible. They are already in wide industrial use for mechanical alloying of different metals and/or ceramics and production of nanocrystalline metal hydrides, [8][9][10][11] due to an intensive grinding effect at low energy costs (e.g. 600 W at 1200 rpm of the 2 l version) and short process times with lowest contamination of the processed powders by the milling tools, since the process is based on the collision of grinding media rather than on shear and friction.…”

“…The techniques are the same as in the reactions with HCl/HBr, and there is no reason why these should not be performed on a large scale. 2 For example, the reactions of furan-2-carboxylic acid (7) with ammonia and of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (9) with methylamine have been performed at the 100 g scale with the rotovapor equipment and proper cooling. 15 The solid-solid reactions of carboxylic acids and alkali hydroxides or alkali oxides are too violent for practical purposes.…”

“…The possibilities are manifold and it is avoided to dissolve the reactants in water, control the heat of neutralization and evaporate all of the water with very high energy consumption. If a dibasic acid such as (L)-(+)-tartaric acid (11) is needed as a food additive, either as the mono- (13) or disodium salt (12), it is only necessary to use either sodium hydrogencarbonate or sodium carbonate (for practical reasons as the solid monohydrate). These reactions have been performed as semi-continuous 200 g batches with quantitative yield and atmospheric air was the gas for the product collection from the mill.…”