Satellite quantum communications have rapidly evolved in the past few years, culminating in the proposal, development and deployment of satellite missions dedicated to Quantum Key Distribution and the realization of fundamental tests of quantum mechanics in space. However, in comparison with the more mature technology based on fiber optics, several challenges are still open, such as the capability of detecting with high temporal accuracy single photons coming from orbiting terminals. Satellite Laser Ranging, commonly used to estimate satellite distance, could also be exploited to overcome this challenge. For example, high repetition rates and low background noise can be obtained by determining the time-of-flight of faint laser pulses that are retro-reflected by geodynamics satellites and then detected on Earth at the single-photon level. Here we report on a experiment achieving a temporal accuracy of about 230 ps in the detection of an optical signal of few photons per pulse reflected by satellites in medium Earth orbit, at a distance exceeding 7500 km by using commercially available detectors. Lastly, the performance of the Matera Laser Ranging Observatory are evaluated in terms of detection rate and signal to noise ratio for satellite quantum communications.