Simple and Efficient: Validation of a Cotton Wick Electrode for Animal Electroretinography

Chekroud, Karim; Arndt, Carl; Basset, Danièle; Hamel, Christian; Brabet, Philippe; Péquignot, Marie O.

doi:10.1159/000321118

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Anesthesia was obtained by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (45 mg/kg body weight; Merial, France) and xylazine (17 mg/kg bodyweight; Bayer Healthcare, Germany). Electroretinogram (ERGs) recordings performed with cotton wick electrodes as previously described [28] were acquired through Visiosystem device (SIEM Bio-Medicale, France). For ERGs, mice were subjected to sequences of 7 repeated flashes (5 msec- long flashes at 0.3 Hz frequency) and flash intensity (0.159, 0.3, 0.5, 1.59, 5, 15.9, 50 and 159 cd.s.m –2 ) was increased between phases to test rod photoreceptor function (scotopic testing) prior to both populations of photoreceptors (mesopic testing).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Visual Function and Retinal ER Stress Activation in Wfs1-Deficient Mice

et al. 2014

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Wolfram syndrome is an early onset genetic disease (1/180,000) featuring diabetes mellitus and optic neuropathy, associated to mutations in the WFS1 gene. Wfs1−/− mouse model shows pancreatic beta cell atrophy, but its visual performance has not been investigated, prompting us to study its visual function and histopathology of the retina and optic nerve. Electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were performed in Wfs1−/− and Wfs1+/+ mice at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Fundi were pictured with Micron III apparatus. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) abundance was determined from Brn3a immunolabeling of retinal sections. RGC axonal loss was quantified by electron microscopy in transversal optic nerve sections. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was assessed using immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (Ire1α) markers. Electroretinograms amplitudes were slightly reduced and latencies increased with time in Wfs1−/− mice. Similarly, VEPs showed decreased N+P amplitudes and increased N-wave latency. Analysis of unfolded protein response signaling revealed an activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Wfs1 −/− mutant mouse retinas. Altogether, progressive VEPs alterations with minimal neuronal cell loss suggest functional alteration of the action potential in the Wfs1 −/− optic pathways.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Visual Function and Retinal ER Stress Activation in Wfs1-Deficient Mice

et al. 2014

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“…Suction electrodes 21) , gold wire contact electrodes 23) , and cotton wick contact electrodes 21,23,24) were examined for recording electrical signals from crayfish eyes. The suction electrode is widely used; however, it is limited to use in physiological solution 21) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Infrared Free-Electron Laser-Evoked Discharge of Crayfish Compound Eyes

Shishikura

Zen

Hayakawa

et al. 2018

Nichidai Igaku Zasshi

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Infrared radiation at short wavelengths, in particular near and midinfrared, are valuable probes for investigat ing mutual reactions between light and molecules in living organisms. However, it remains controversial as to whether animals can see mid-infrared (3-30 µm) radiation. To investigate the ability of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) compound eyes to detect midinfrared radiation, we used a freeelectron laser (FEL) as a light source. We found that the crayfish compound eye can respond to pulsed mid-infrared (3-17 µm) radiation from the FEL, which may be a novel mid-infrared response in the animals visual organ. These findings present positive evidence to resolve the longrunning question about whether the vision organs in P. clarkii are responsive to midinfrared radiation. This study opens new avenues of research, such as investigating how and when crayfish uses electrical signals evoked by midinfrared radiation in their behavior.

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“…Animals were prepared and electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed with cotton electrodes as previously described [15]. For adaptation-ERG, the mice were subjected to seven repetitions of a 1.59 cd.s −1 .m −2 blue flash, the seven b-wave amplitudes were averaged and considered as dark-adapted control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatp1 Deficiency Affects Retinal Light Response and Dark Adaptation, and Induces Age-Related Alterations

et al. 2012

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FATP1 is involved in lipid transport into cells and in intracellular lipid metabolism. We showed previously that this protein interacts with and inhibits the limiting-step isomerase of the visual cycle RPE65. Here, we aimed to analyze the effect of Fatp1-deficiency in vivo on the visual cycle, structure and function, and on retinal aging. Among the Fatp family members, we observed that only Fatp1 and 4 are expressed in the control retina, in both the neuroretina and the retinal pigment epithelium. In the neuroretina, Fatp1 is mostly expressed in photoreceptors. In young adult Fatp1−/− mice, Fatp4 expression was unchanged in retinal pigment epithelium and reduced two-fold in the neuroretina as compared to Fatp1+/+ mice. The Fatp1−/− mice had a preserved retinal structure but a decreased electroretinogram response to light. These mice also displayed a delayed recovery of the b-wave amplitude after bleaching, however, visual cycle speed was unchanged, and both retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors presented the same fatty acid pattern compared to controls. In 2 year-old Fatp1−/− mice, transmission electron microscopy studies showed specific abnormalities in the retinas comprising choroid vascularization anomalies and thickening of the Bruch membrane with material deposits, and sometimes local disorganization of the photoreceptor outer segments. These anomalies lead us to speculate that the absence of FATP1 accelerates the aging process.

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Simple and Efficient: Validation of a Cotton Wick Electrode for Animal Electroretinography

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Impairment of Visual Function and Retinal ER Stress Activation in Wfs1-Deficient Mice

Impairment of Visual Function and Retinal ER Stress Activation in Wfs1-Deficient Mice

Mid-Infrared Free-Electron Laser-Evoked Discharge of Crayfish Compound Eyes

Fatp1 Deficiency Affects Retinal Light Response and Dark Adaptation, and Induces Age-Related Alterations

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