Simple and sensitive determination of free and total morphine in human liver and kidney using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Kudo, Kazuhiko; Ishida, Takahiro; Nishida, Naoki; Yoshioka, Naofumi; Inoue, Hiromasa; Tsuji, Akiko; Ikeda, Noriaki

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.049

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The various experimental factors affecting the development and stability of the reaction product were studied and optimized. Such factors which were changed individually, include concentration of the reagents (KMnO 4 and NaOH), order of addition of reagents, temperature and time of heating. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various analytical methods have been developed for determining morphine and its major metabolites. Typically, the common analytical techniques currently used for monitoring morphine's concentration include GC, 3,4 HPLC, [5][6][7][8][9][10] and their combination with other detection methods. Moreover, there are some other methods can be used as well like capillary electrophoresis, 11,12 chemiluminescence, 13 voltammetric, 14,15 electrochemical, 16 and spectrofluorometric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Spectrophotometry Method for the Determination of Morphine, Nalbuphine and Naltrexone Drugs in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations

El‐Didamony

Saad

Saleem

2013

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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A novel study describes the development and validation of a selective and simple kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of some analgesic drugs namely, morphine (MOF), nalbuphine (NAB) and naltrexone (NAT) in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations. This method was based on the reaction of the drugs under studying with alkaline KMnO 4 to form a water-soluble bluish green colored product with a maximum absorbance at 605 nm. Although, the determination of MOF, NAB and NAT drugs by rate constant, fixed-concentration and fixed time methods were feasible with the calibration equations obtained, the fixed time method has been found to be more applicable. The fixed-time method is adopted for constructing the calibration curves, which were found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 4 -18 mg mL -1 MOF, 2 -20 mg mL -1 NAB and 2 -16 mg mL -1 NAT. Different experimental parameters which can affect the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized. The fixed time method of 20 min was further applied to pharmaceutical formulations of each drug and the percentage recoveries were 99.85±0.049 to 102.27±0.024. Statistical comparisons of the results with the reference methods show the excellent agreement and indicate no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Spectrophotometry Method for the Determination of Morphine, Nalbuphine and Naltrexone Drugs in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations

El‐Didamony

Saad

Saleem

2013

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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“…In order to obtain better chromatographic behaviour and improved volatility it is often necessary to derivatise the analytes [49]. However, the polar glucuronide metabolites cannot be analysed by GC and the amount of these conjugates is therefore in GC methods determined after hydrolysis [50].…”

Section: Plasma and Serummentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample preparation and separation techniques for bioanalysis of morphine and related substances

Hansen

2009

J of Separation Science

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In present time the use or misuse of morphine and its derivatives are monitored by assaying the presence of the drug and its metabolites in biofluids. In the present review, focus is placed on the sample preparation and on the separation techniques used in the current best practices of bioanalysis of morphine and its major metabolites. However, as methods for testing the misuse of heroin, a morphine derivative, often involve bioanalytical methods that cover a number of other illicit drug substances, such methods are also included in the review. Furthermore, the review also includes bioanalysis in a broader perspective as analysis of plant materials, cell cultures and environmental samples. The review is not intended to cover all publications that include bioanalysis of morphine but is more to be considered a view into the current best practices of bioanalysis of morphine, its metabolites and other related substances.

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“…Many analytical methods have been employed for MOR monitoring. Various chromatographic methods such as liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection [4], gas chromatographymass spectrometry [5], thin layer chromatography [6], high [7] and ultra [8] performance liquid chromatography. Resonance light scattering [20] and time-resolved chemiluminescence [9] methods have been also used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive voltammetric morphine immunosensor using a gold nanoparticle decorated graphene electrode

Eissa

Zourob

2017

Microchim Acta

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The authors describe a voltammetric immunosensor for morphine (MOR) that is based on a graphene screen printed electrode (GSPE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) which were electrodeposited on its surface. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Xray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Cysteamine was then self-assembled on the gold-modified electrodes via thiol interaction in order to introduce terminal amino groups to the electrode surface. The electrodes were then used to fabricate the immunosensor by covalent immobilization of antibodies against MOR. The sensor works on the basis of a competition between MOR and the morphine-bovine serum albumin (MOR-BSA) conjugate for the immobilized antibodies on the sensor surface and the resulting change in the square wave voltammetry reduction current using the hexacyanoferrate system as an electrochemical probe. The competitive immunoassay enables sensitive and selective detection of MOR in the 0.1 to 100 ng·mL −1 MOR concentration range, with a 90 pg·mL −1 detection limit. The method was applied to the determination of MOR in spiked saliva samples and showed high recoveries. We believe that this immunosensor offers a simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate MOR test.

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Simple and sensitive determination of free and total morphine in human liver and kidney using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Kinetic Spectrophotometry Method for the Determination of Morphine, Nalbuphine and Naltrexone Drugs in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Kinetic Spectrophotometry Method for the Determination of Morphine, Nalbuphine and Naltrexone Drugs in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Sample preparation and separation techniques for bioanalysis of morphine and related substances

Competitive voltammetric morphine immunosensor using a gold nanoparticle decorated graphene electrode

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