Simple diagnosis of ectomycorrhiza formation and demonstration of the architecture of the Hartig net by means of a clearing technique

Nylund, Jan‐Erik; Kasimir, Asa; Arveby, Agneta S.; Unestam, Torgny

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1982.tb01379.x

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Hartig Net supplies chemical elements required for plant growth, such as potassium and provide compounds such as nitrate, used in combination with ectomycorrhizal symbiosis to host tree species which has shown to protect the fungi against heavy metal toxicity (Guerroro-Galan et al, Yao et al, 2019Zhang et al, 2019). The Hartig Net is limited to the proximal zone of the root cap as a result of a mechanical ECM fungal penetration at early plant growth stages double with a higher concentration of cell wall pectin cellulose than fully mature trees (Nylund et al, 1982;. The Hartig Net of native ECM of local tree species of this study was restricted to a few epidermal layers conversely to those of Gnetum liana which was deeper.…”

Section: Distinctive Ectomycorrhizal Morphological Charactersmentioning

confidence: 80%

Diversity of Endemic Ectomycorrhizae of Humid Forests of South Cameroon

Nérée¹,

Bechem

Ambroise

et al. 2022

J. Environ. Sci. Eng. Technol.

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The ecologically important below-ground ectomycorrhizal (ECM) biodiversity of tropical humid forests remain poorly known. Most ECM inventories have been based upon description and identification of fruitbodies with few work on ECM root tips of tropical tree species. Morpho-anatomical descriptions of root tips of 24 ECM Fabaceae/Detarioideae, Uapaca tree species, and Gnetum lianas were conducted in humid forest of South Cameroon. ECM forest clumps were the only resort sites for the more than 30 endemic ECM morphotypes, with apparently no host specificity. Distinguished by four colors – white, yellow, brown, and dark brown – and five textures – smooth, cottony, woolly, spiny and verrucose –, they differed from to the golden yellow coralloïdal Gnetum liana ECM with plectenchymatous mantle. Tree ECM were of monopodial-pinnate or -pyramidal types with external felt prosenchyma mantles shielded with abundant rhizomorphs, emanating hyphae and variously shaped cystida with clamp connections. These ECM fungal attributes may confer ECM associations with strong competitive abilities to strive at best on prevailing nutrient-poor acid soils and harsh conditions, thus better explaining tropical monodominance. Yet, much research is still needed to determine the role of below-ground ECM biodiversity on structure and functioning of tropical humid forests of the Congo basin.

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Section: Distinctive Ectomycorrhizal Morphological Charactersmentioning

confidence: 80%

Diversity of Endemic Ectomycorrhizae of Humid Forests of South Cameroon

Nérée¹,

Bechem

Ambroise

et al. 2022

J. Environ. Sci. Eng. Technol.

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“…In ectomycorrhizas synthesized between Piloderma croceum Erikss. Hjortst and both P. sylvestris and P. abies, papillae were often observed wbere tbe fungus bad attempted to enter host cells (Nylund et al, 1982). Electron-opaque deposits similar to those found in mycorrhizas formed between S. grevillei and P. menziesii have also been observed in virus-infected potato tubers (Paliwal & Singh, 1981) and in interactions between cowpea rust and a non-host (Heath, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Development and Ultrastructure of Ectomycorrhizas

Duddridge

1986

New Phytologist

109

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SUMMARYAn ultrastructurat study was made of the interactions between Suillus grevillei (Klotzsch) Sing, and 11 species of ectomycorrhizal hosts in aseptic culture in the absence of glucose. No mycorrhizas were formed between 5. grevillei and Betula pubescens Ehrh.,Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. or Pinus nigra Arnold, although the fungus grew in the rhizosphere of some of these and in P. nigra it penetrated and killed adjacent epidermal cells. Mycorrhizas were formed with Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr., Larix decidua Mill, Pinus sylvestris L. and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. However, ultrastructural changes in the host-fungus interface of associations with the latter two hosts suggest that in both cases the symbionts were not entirely compatible. The role of phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal compatibility and specificity is discussed.

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“…Samples were drained and rinsed with purified water and bleached for 10 min with either 5% HCl for Leptospermum roots or 0.5% v/v H 2 O 2 for Nothofagus roots as recommended by Nylund et al. ( 1982 ) and Brundrett and Kendrick ( 1990 ) for viewing ectomycorrhizae (Brundrett et al., 1996 ). Roots were covered with 0.05% w/v Trypan Blue in lactoglycerol (1:1:1 lactic acid, glycerol, and purified water) and placed in a 65°C water bath for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic facilitation in forest restoration: Can Nothofagus trees use ectomycorrhizal fungi of the pioneer shrub Leptospermum?

Strawsine,

van Galen,

Lord

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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The benefits of plant‐to‐plant facilitation in ecological restoration are well recognized, yet the potential for indirect trophic facilitation remains understudied. Nothofagus (southern beech; Nothofagaceae) is an iconic southern hemisphere tree genus that is frequently the focus of ecological restoration efforts. One aspect of Nothofagus ecology that may limit restoration success is the availability of appropriate ectomycorrhizal fungi. It has been suggested that pioneer dual‐mycorrhizal hosts such as Leptospermum species (Myrtaceae) could facilitate Nothofagus establishment by providing fungal inoculum, but the capacity for Nothofagus to use Leptospermum ectomycorrhizal fungi is unknown. To investigate potential indirect facilitation, we conducted a common garden pot trial to determine if Nothofagus cliffortioides (mountain beech) can use symbionts from Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) ectomycorrhizal communities. Nothofagus and Leptospermum seedlings were grown in monoculture and mixed pairs with reciprocal “home” and “away” soil fungal inoculum. ITS2 metabarcoding of eDNA from hyphal ingrowth bags revealed that Nothofagus and Leptospermum inoculum contained different ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but that half of the common ectomycorrhizal taxa identified were found in both soil types, suggesting generalist fungi exist. Nothofagus was able to form associations with some fungal species originating from Leptospermum inoculum, however, probable spore contamination meant that the proportion of root colonization associated with those species was ambiguous. Root ectomycorrhizal colonization rates were positively associated with seedling biomass, and there was some evidence of a home soil inoculum advantage in Nothofagus, but these effects were minor. Additionally, we found evidence that home inoculum provides a protective advantage against drought stress for Leptospermum seedlings. Our results indicate the potential for using Leptospermum to promote Nothofagus establishment in restoration plantings and highlight the possible benefits of considering fungal mutualists in ecological restoration projects.

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Simple diagnosis of ectomycorrhiza formation and demonstration of the architecture of the Hartig net by means of a clearing technique

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Diversity of Endemic Ectomycorrhizae of Humid Forests of South Cameroon

Diversity of Endemic Ectomycorrhizae of Humid Forests of South Cameroon

The Development and Ultrastructure of Ectomycorrhizas

Trophic facilitation in forest restoration: Can Nothofagus trees use ectomycorrhizal fungi of the pioneer shrub Leptospermum?

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