Simple Diffusion as the Mechanism of Okadaic Acid Uptake by the Mussel Digestive Gland

Blanco, Juan; Martín, Helena; Mariño, Carmen; Rossignoli, Araceli E.

doi:10.3390/toxins11070395

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The fact that the fit to the data did not improve when esterification of the free OA was included in the model suggests that this process had low importance during cockle depuration. This is surprising because it is known that free OA is easily esterified in bivalves [ 28 , 32 , 33 ] and, during four years of monitoring in Galicia, the percentage of free OA in cockle was nearly always below 5% of the total toxin [ 34 ], which would not be possible if the esterification was not very fast. One explanation for this is that most OA was already esterified at the beginning of the experiment (more than 98% of the OA), making it difficult to estimate the model parameters precisely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Okadaic Acid Depuration from the Cockle Cerastoderma edule

Blanco¹,

Martín²,

Mariño³

et al. 2022

Toxins

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The cockle Cerastoderma edule is a commercially important species in many European Countries. It can accumulate okadaic acid (OA) and other toxins in its group, which makes it unsuitable for human consumption, producing harvesting bans to avoid intoxications. The duration of those bans depends in part on the depuration kinetics of the toxin in this species. In this work, this kinetics was studied by means of fitting different models to depuration data experimentally obtained, using naturally contaminated cockles. Cockles depurated OA faster than most other bivalve species studied. Models that include Michaelis-Menten kinetics describe the depuration better than those using a first order exponential decrease to describe the first (or the only) compartment. One-compartment models were not able to describe the final part of the depuration curve, in which OA was depurated very slowly. Therefore, two-compartment models were needed. Esters were depurated at a much faster rate than the free form of the toxin; however, no significant esterification was detected during the process. The slow depuration rate suggests that other bivalve species could be used as sentinels to monitor cockle populations, but caution should be taken when toxin concentrations are very high.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Okadaic Acid Depuration from the Cockle Cerastoderma edule

Blanco¹,

Martín²,

Mariño³

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…It is primarily produced by Prorocentrum lima, [1] and is consumed by shellfish and fish, which then accumulate and transform the compound in their bodies. [2] The properties of OA remain unchanged even after cooking or freezing, and it does not affect the taste of organisms that have been contaminated. This makes it difficult to detect the presence of OA, which can be easily consumed by humans and cause food poisoning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Okadaic acid (OA) is a type of lipophilic polyether compound that causes diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is primarily produced by Prorocentrum lima , [1] and is consumed by shellfish and fish, which then accumulate and transform the compound in their bodies [2] . The properties of OA remain unchanged even after cooking or freezing, and it does not affect the taste of organisms that have been contaminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics Analysis of the Immune Effects of Okadaic Acid on Caco‐2 Cells

Xu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Okadaic Acid, a type of diarrhetic shellfish poison, is widely distributed and harmful, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and more in humans. Recent studies have demonstrated that OA can lead to various toxicities such as cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, embryotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. In order to investigate the immunotoxicity of OA on intestinal cells, a transcriptome analysis was conducted to compare the differences in the Caco‐2 cell transcriptional group before and after administration. The CCK‐8 experiment demonstrated that OA had a detrimental effect on the activity of Caco‐2 cells, with an IC50 value of 33.98 nM. Transcriptome data revealed changes in immune‐related genes between the experimental and control groups, including inflammatory factors, heat shock proteins, and zinc finger proteins. The analysis of the results suggests that OA can induce the production of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in cells, and may also affect cell ferroptosis. These findings indicate that OA has a significant impact on intestinal immunity, providing valuable insights for the study of immune toxicity associated with OA.

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“…Cell cultures from different Mytilus species have been used in both applied and basic research [3]. For example, hemocytes and gill cells of Mytilus galloprovincialis have been used to assess cytotoxicity in several assays [8][9][10][11]. Longer-term cultures were established to look at the viability and cryopreservation of M. edulis cells from different tissues [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro proliferation of Mytilus edulis male germ cell progenitors

Hosseini Khorami,

Breton,

Angers

2024

PLoS ONE

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Our understanding of basic cellular processes has mostly been provided by mammalian cell culture, and by some non-mammalian vertebrate and few invertebrate cell culture models. Developing reliable culture conditions for non-model organisms is essential to allow investigation of more unusual cellular processes. Here, we investigate how cells isolated from different tissues of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis thrive and survive in vitro in the hope of establishing a suitable laboratory model for the investigation of cellular mechanisms specific to these bivalve mollusks. We found that cells dissociated from mantle tissue attached to the culture vessels and proliferated well in vitro, whereas cells isolated from gills, although remaining viable, did not maintain divisions over three to four weeks in culture. We used antibodies against the germ-line marker DEAD-box helicase 4 (DDX4), also known as VASA, and the epithelial cell marker cytokeratin to distinguish different cell types in culture. DDX4-positive cells were predominant in 25-day-old cultures from male mantles. Cells from other tissues remained in low numbers and did not seem to change in composition over time. Overall, the culture conditions described here allow an efficient selection of male germ cells that could be used to study specific cellular mechanisms in vitro.

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Simple Diffusion as the Mechanism of Okadaic Acid Uptake by the Mussel Digestive Gland

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Okadaic Acid Depuration from the Cockle Cerastoderma edule

Okadaic Acid Depuration from the Cockle Cerastoderma edule

Transcriptomics Analysis of the Immune Effects of Okadaic Acid on Caco‐2 Cells

In vitro proliferation of Mytilus edulis male germ cell progenitors

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