Simple extraction method and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the selective ion monitoring mode for the determination of phenols in wine

Simultaneous GC-MS Determination of Free and Bound Phenolic Acids in Slovenian Red Wines and Chemometric Characterization

“…[26][27][28][29] Because of the longer sample preparation process for analysis, using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in analysis of phenolic compounds is relatively rare, but in comparison with the other methods mentioned, GC-MS offers several advantages, including complete and high-resolution separation, sensitive detection, unambiguous identification and quantitation of a wide range of phenolics (including all isomers) in one chromatographic run. [30][31][32] The aim of our study was to develop a simple and quantitative extraction method of selected PAs to ensure clean extracts in order to obtain a much more sensitive, selective and accurate GC-MS method for identification and quantitation of both free and bound PAs in red wine samples. For extraction of target compounds from the wine samples, solid-phase extraction (SPE) using hydrophilic modified styrene (HLB) cartridges was used.…”

An Alternative Method for the Determination of Some of the Antioxidant Phenolics in Varietal Turkish Red Wines

“…According to other results, ferulic acid levels ranged from 0.34 to 1.8 mg/L in Italian red wines 18 , and 0.39 to 78 mg/L in Spanish red wines 20 . Table IV shows the antioxidant capacity and total phenol content of different varietal Turkish red wines.…”

“…There are some similar results in other countries' red wines. For example, the gallic acid content ranged from 39.07 to 106.66 mg/L in Sicilian wines 17 and 44 to 73 mg/L in Italian red wines (with GC/MS-SIM) 18 . These values are similar to the gallic acid content of Turkish red wines.…”

“…In all of these, extensive liquid-liquid or solidphase (SPE) extraction methodologies followed by derivatization have usually been applied prior to the GC/MS analysis. In recent years, GC/MS selective ion monitoring (SIM) methods for the quantitative determination of phenolic compound have attracted the interest of scientists 18 .…”

“…However, since HPLC methods generally use UV detection and many phenols show UV spectra with λmax in a narrow range (280-320 nm), different and often tedious purification treatments of the wine and/or separation of the phenolic fraction are required prior to the HPLC analysis, in order to prevent interferences. The GC has generally been employed with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS) 18 .…”