Simple, green and high-yield production of single- or few-layer graphene by hydrothermal exfoliation of graphite

Liu, Xiangrong; Zheng, Mingtao; Xiao, Ke; Xiao, Yong; He, Chenglong; Dong, Hanwu; Lei, Bingfu; Liu, Yingliang

doi:10.1039/c3nr06219h

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Nevertheless, we can make a hypothesis to explain the discrepancy between our and literature data on graphene cytotoxicity. Our MLG samples are composed of several graphene sheets (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), while the majority of the works utilize single-layer or FLG (pristine or oxidized). Studies mainly focused on the graphene sheet lateral size, rather than the number of layers [38,39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, graphene was firstly exploited in material sciences and recently it showed to be a good candidate for the development of graphene-based electronics, photonics, composite materials, energy generation, energy storage and sensors [5][6][7][8][9]. Among all graphene forms, FLGs are easily produced in high yeld [10][11][12][13]. Low-cost procedures have also been described for the fabrication of large area films of FLG for electronics and opto-electronic applications [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the impact of multi-layer graphene using cellular and amphibian models

et al. 2016

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 16789To link to this article : AbstractIn the last few years, graphene has been defined as the revolutionary material showing an incredible expansion in industrial applications. Different graphene forms have been applied in several contexts, spreading from energy technologies and electronics to food and agriculture technologies. Graphene showed promises also in the biomedical field. Hopeful results have been already obtained in diagnostic, drug delivery, tissue regeneration and photothermal cancer ablation. In view of the enormous development of graphene-based technologies, a careful assessment of its impact on health and environment is demanded. It is evident how investigating the graphene toxicity is of fundamental importance in the context of medical purposes. On the other hand, the nanomaterial present in the environment, likely to be generated all along the industrial life-cycle, may have harmful effects on living organisms. In the present work, an important contribution on the impact of multi-layer graphene (MLG) on health and environment is given by using a multifaceted approach. For the first purpose, the effect of the material on two mammalian cell models was assessed. Key cytotoxicity parameters were considered such as cell viability and inflammatory response induction. This was combined with an evaluation of MLG toxicity towards Xenopus laevis, used as both in vivo and environmental model organism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the impact of multi-layer graphene using cellular and amphibian models

et al. 2016

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“…24 All of the above studies give sufficient reason to believe that inorganic salt-assisted hydrothermal exfoliation is an efficient method for the preparation of large quantities of high-quality graphene from graphite. However, the detailed role of salt ions in the intercalation process has not been clearly elucidated, which hinders the rational design of highly-efficient intercalators.…”

Section: -15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards understanding the salt-intercalation exfoliation of graphite into graphene

Wang

Xiang

2017

RSC Adv.

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The preparation of graphene from graphite is critical for both theoretical studies and real-world applications. Herein, we present a systematic study to explore the fundamental factors that control the exfoliation of graphite into graphene in a salt-intercalation exfoliation system, using various inorganic salts as intercalators. The yields of the thin graphene sheets obtained, measured via UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry, suggest that both cations and anions significantly influence the exfoliation yields. Xray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that both anions and cations become inserted into the space between conjugated graphite layers during the intercalation process. X-ray diffraction spectra revealed that the anion can enhance the salt-intercalation exfoliation by expanding the interlayer spacing. Compared to lithium chloride, both potassium chloride and lithium sulfate can significantly enhance the exfoliation yields of graphene. Optimizing the cation and anion species can improve the yield of graphene, because co-intercalation with both anions and cations occurs during the intercalation process in the solution of inorganic salts. Our work provides a guide for rationally designing the salt-intercalation exfoliation procedure to obtain higher yields of exfoliated 2D materials.

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“…Researchers have revealed that the van der Waals force between the two water molecules is decreased with increasing temperature in a condition of high temperature and high pressure. This indicates the water molecules are force-free and have vigorous Brownian motion of molecules under sonication-assisted hydrothermal conditions [25][26][27][28]. Interestingly, H 2 O is a polar molecule of a V-shaped structure and the surface tensions of water are close to h-BN in hydrothermal conditions, suggesting that water molecules can be adsorbed on BNNSs, and separate the flakes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline boron nitride nanosheets by sonication-assisted hydrothermal exfoliation

et al. 2019

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A simple method to prepare two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) scalably is essential for practical applications. Despite intense research in this area, high-yield production of two-dimensional h-BN with large size and high crystallinity is still a key challenge. In the present work, we propose a simple exfoliation process for boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) with high crystallinity by sonication-assisted hydrothermal method, via the synergistic effect of the high pressure, and cavitation of the sonication. Compared with the method only by sonication, the sonication-assisted hydrothermal method can get the fewer-layer BNNSs with high crystallinity. Meanwhile, it can reach higher yield of nearly 1.68%, as the hydrothermal method with the yield of only 0.12%. The simple sonication-assisted hydrothermal method has potential applications in exfoliating other layered materials, thus opening new ways to produce other layered materials in high yield and high crystallinity.

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Simple, green and high-yield production of single- or few-layer graphene by hydrothermal exfoliation of graphite

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

Examining the impact of multi-layer graphene using cellular and amphibian models

Examining the impact of multi-layer graphene using cellular and amphibian models

Towards understanding the salt-intercalation exfoliation of graphite into graphene

Crystalline boron nitride nanosheets by sonication-assisted hydrothermal exfoliation

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