Simple Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Using Polyethylene as Carbon Precursor

Kure, Nicodemus; Hamidon, Mohd Nizar; Azhari, Saman; Mamat, Shuhazlly; Yusoff, Hamdan Mohamed; Isa, B. M.; Yunusa, Zainab

doi:10.1155/2017/2474267

Cited by 33 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The emergence of nanotechnology has attracted much interest from scientific community in the area of carbon-based science due its exceptional carbon-carbon bonding assists carbon to form its allotropes, amongst such carbon nanostructures (CNS) are carbon nanofibers, graphites, graphenes, and carbon nanotubes (Kroto, 1991;O'Connell, 2006;Kure et al, 2015;Kure et al, 2017). Their exceptional properties such as electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties attract interest from researchers (Kroto et al 1991;Iijima, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive research has been carried out on how to synthesize this carbon-based nanomaterial. Among such methods are arc discharge (Iijima, 1991), laser ablation (Guo et al 1995), chemical vapor deposition (Suriani et al 2013) and Microwaveassisted chemical vapor deposition (Kure et al, 2017), with Carbon precursor playing a vital roles in the formation of CNS (Kure et al, 2015 andKure et al, 2017). These techniques of synthesizing CNS are believed to be time consuming and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study on the Syntheses of Carbon Nanomaterials Using Polyethylene and Risk Husk as Carbon Precursor

Kure

Daniel

Machu³

et al. 2020

FJS

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The study compares the syntheses of carbon nanostructures (CNS) using polyethylene (PE) and Rice husk (RH) as carbon precursor via commercial microwave oven at 2.45 GHz. The Microwave energy offers the requisite temperature for catalytic disintegration of the carbon precursors at 750 °C under atmospheric pressure. The CNS were grown on coated silicon dioxide. The as-synthesized CNS was analysed with Raman spectroscopy which shows carbon quality was found to be 0.92 and 1.01 in PE and RH respectively, indicating good graphitic nature with average diameter at (16.0 to 20.0) ± 0.5 nm. The high intensity ratio is attributed to the defect mode in the CNS. The Field Emission Scanning Microscope (FESEM) analysis shows a warped and randomly oriented structures with an interlayer spacing of about 0.35 nm in the internal structure of most CNS. Furthermore, the level of purity in the graphitic nature of the CNS were obtained with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique with 90 % in PE and 50 % in RH. Hence, a fast and cheaper method of synthesizing CNS utilizing microwave energy was demonstrated at 750 °C under atmospheric pressure. Lastly, the presence of catalyst, carbon precursors and plasma are necessary for the microwave heating and synthesis process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Syntheses of Carbon Nanomaterials Using Polyethylene and Risk Husk as Carbon Precursor

Kure

Daniel

Machu³

et al. 2020

FJS

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“…Among them, the last one, which possesses excellent properties such as low density, high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, and high thermal conductivity (>3000 W·m −1 ·K −1 ) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], is used in the fields of composite materials [ 17 ], solar cells [ 18 ] and optical devices [ 19 ]. CNTs can be synthesized by arc discharge [ 20 ], flame synthesis [ 21 ], microwave-assisted synthesis [ 22 ], chemical vapor deposition [ 23 ], and catalytic pyrolysis [ 24 ], among which, the last one has proved promising. With this method, polyolefin, which has a high carbon content, is usually used as the carbon source because the plastic waste is mostly hydrocarbon polymers [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes from Waste Polyethylene Using FeNi Bimetallic Nanocatalyst

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by catalytic pyrolysis from waste polyethylene in Ar using an in-situ catalyst derived from ferric nitrate and nickel nitrate precursors. The influence factors (such as temperature, catalyst content and Fe/Ni molar ratio) on the formation of CNTs were investigated. The results showed that with the temperature increasing from 773 to 1073 K, the carbon yield gradually increased whereas the aspect (length-diameter) ratio of CNTs initially increased and then decreased. The optimal growth temperature of CNTs was 973 K. With increasing the Fe/Ni molar ratio in an FeNi bimetallic catalyst, the yield of CNTs gradually increased, whereas their aspect ratio first increased and then decreased. The optimal usage of the catalyst precursor (Fe/Ni molar ratio was 5:5) was 0.50 wt% with respect to the mass of polyethylene. In this case, the yield of CNTs reached as high as 20 wt%, and their diameter and length were respectively 20–30 nm, and a few tens of micrometers. The simple low-cost method developed in this work could be used to address the environmental concerns about plastic waste, and synthesize high value-added CNTs for a range of future applications.

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“…In this study, a residue from paddy called rice husk (RH) is used to synthesize CNTs using microwave oven (MO) technique [18]. RH is rich in cellulose and lignin which qualifies it as a good and economic source of carbon precursor [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials from Rice Husk via Microwave Oven

Asnawi

Azhari

Hamidon

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Microwave oven was utilized to fabricate carbon nanostructure, specifically CNTs, from waste RH powders. It has been shown that the use of carbon source, catalyst, and commercial microwave oven to induce plasma is necessary to carry on this synthesis. The plasma enhances and speeds up the catalytic decomposition of RH in presence of ferrocene. FESEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to confirm the presence and quality of produced carbon nanomaterials. In addition, these results suggest the conversion of ferrocene to iron(II, III) oxide with notable conversion rate.

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Simple Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Using Polyethylene as Carbon Precursor

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Study on the Syntheses of Carbon Nanomaterials Using Polyethylene and Risk Husk as Carbon Precursor

Comparative Study on the Syntheses of Carbon Nanomaterials Using Polyethylene and Risk Husk as Carbon Precursor

Catalytic Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes from Waste Polyethylene Using FeNi Bimetallic Nanocatalyst

Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials from Rice Husk via Microwave Oven

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