“…The U-AST kit for the detection of urinary tract infection along with the antibiotic-sensitivity test was prepared as described in our previous work. 27,28 For the 7% PVDF membrane, PVDF (polyvinylidene uoride), DMF (dimethylformamide), graphene oxide, tetrazolium dye, nutrient broth, nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, and glucose were purchased from HiMedia, India. All the commercial antibiotics, namely amikacin (1st class aminoglycoside), amoxicillin (penicillin), ampicillin (aminopenicillin), ciprooxacin (uoroquinolone), and co-trimoxazole (sulfonamide) were purchased from HiMedia, India.…”