Simple Recycling of Biowaste Eggshells to Various Calcium Phosphates for Specific Industries

Abstract

Egg consumption is very high throughout the world and with it comes enormous amount of waste eggshells. To reduce and utilize these wastes, eggshell wastes were simply transformed to low- or high-purity calcium carbonate grades by washing, crushing, and drying to use as raw materials for producing highly valuable calcium phosphate products. Low-purity calcium carbonate grade was used to prepare triple superphosphate for using in fertilizer industry, whereas high-purity calcium carbonate grade was used to produce dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, and tricalcium phosphate for using in mineral feed and food additive industries. All calcium phosphate samples obtained by simple, rapid, cheap, and environmentally safe method using eggshells and phosphoric acid were identified and their structural phases and impurities were determined by XRF, XRD and FTIR techniques. The methodologies described here will be useful to manage eggshells by converting them to highly valuable products, which can solve eggshell wastes problem from industries and communities. This finding supports the viewpoint of zero waste operation to produce value-added products for obtaining sustainable development, which may be selected as an alternative way for material recycling and waste management in the future.

Micropropagation of Aquarium Plant, Anubias Sp. ‘White’ Using Adenine Sulfate and 6-Benzylaminopurine

“…Micropropagation of Anubias sp. 'Petite' research showed that using combination treatment with 75 mg/L Ads and 1-2 mg/L BAP induced 4.93 and 5.03 shoots/explant, respectively (Laohavisuti et al, 2019). Moreover, Laohavisuti et al (2017) used Ads 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L combined with BAP 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L in micropropagation of the aquatic plant Bucephalandra sp.…”

“…Several species of the genus Anubias have been propagated via in vitro cultures, such as Anubias congensis (Klomkamhaeng et al, 2021), Anubias sp. 'Petite' (Laohavisuti et al, 2019), Anubias heterophylla (Rittirat et al, 2021) and Anubias barteri var. nana (Rittirat et al, 2023).…”

OH-Impregnated Household Bleach-Making Sediments for the Catalysis of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification: Parameter Optimization

“…Similarly, the bending stretching mode of the C−O bond symmetrically within calcareous compounds has been identified to exhibit both out-of-plane as well as in-plane vibrations at 872 and 711 cm −1 , respectively; 943 cm −1 is the distinctive band of Si−O bond. 8,10,32,33,38,39 All of the aforementioned compounds were prettily identified with XRF and XRD analysis. Moreover, the impregnation effects of the catalyst are observed around 2323 cm −1 enabling the evolution of a new, substantial O−H binding that remained stable through the conditions of calcination because of the strong chemical attachment properties on the RC-ITB catalyst, while elimination could be possible on the RC one due to the physisorbed nature.…”