Simple security proof of coherent-one-way quantum key distribution

Gao, Ruiqi; Xie, Yuan-Mei; Gu, Jie; Liu, Wen-Bo; Weng, Chen-Xun; Li, Bing-Hong; Yin, Hua-Lei; Chen, Zeng-Bing

doi:10.1364/oe.461669

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Then we have that the gain is simply given by G = τ a G a + (1 − τ a )G ā, where the superscript 'a' indicates that it is calculated for the system that is being attacked all the protocol rounds, as described in section 5, while 'ā' indicates that the metric is calculated in the absence of Eve. The result of G ā can be computed from equation (35)…”

Section: Appendix F Partial Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that provide lower bounds on the secret-key rate that scale linearly with the channel transmittance η-have been established solely against a restricted class of attacks termed collective attacks [29]. This contrasts with known lower bounds of the order of O(η 2 ) against general attacks [33], a key-rate scaling that has not been improved in recent variants of COW-QKD that disregard its characteristic inter-round interference [34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hacking coherent-one-way quantum key distribution with present-day technology

Rey-Domínguez,

Navarrete,

van Loock

et al. 2024

Quantum Sci. Technol.

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Recent results have shown that the secret-key rate of coherent-one-way (COW) quantum key distribution (QKD) scales quadratically with the system’s transmittance, thus rendering this protocol unsuitable for long distance transmission. This was proven by using a so-called zero-error attack, which relies on an unambiguous state discrimination (USD) measurement. This type of attack allows the eavesdropper to learn the whole secret key without introducing any error. Here, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of zero-error attacks against COW QKD with present-day technology. For this, we introduce two practical USD receivers that can be realised with linear passive optical elements, phase-space displacement operations and threshold single-photon detectors. Thefirst receiver is optimal with respect to its success probability, while the second one can impose stronger restrictions on the protocol’s performance with faulty eavesdropping equipment. Our findings suggest that zero-error attacks could break the security of COW QKD even assuming realistic experimental conditions.

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Section: Appendix F Partial Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hacking coherent-one-way quantum key distribution with present-day technology

Rey-Domínguez,

Navarrete,

van Loock

et al. 2024

Quantum Sci. Technol.

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“…In 2022, Zeng et al [16] proposed and experimentally verified a QKD protocol that uses mode-pairing to achieve high key rates and robustness against channel noise. Gao et al [17] presented a simple security proof of coherent-one-way QKD, which is a QKD protocol that uses weak coherent pulses and one-way post-processing. Lavie et al [18] improved the coherent-one-way QKD protocol for high-loss channels, by introducing advantage distillation and decoy states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Secure Multi-Party Summation with Graph State

Lu,

Ding

2024

Entropy

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Quantum secure multi-party summation (QSMS) is a fundamental problem in quantum secure multi-party computation (QSMC), wherein multiple parties compute the sum of their data without revealing them. This paper proposes a novel QSMS protocol based on graph state, which offers enhanced security, usability, and flexibility compared to existing methods. The protocol leverages the structural advantages of graph state and employs random graph state structures and random encryption gate operations to provide stronger security. Additionally, the stabilizer of the graph state is utilized to detect eavesdroppers and channel noise without the need for decoy bits. The protocol allows for the arbitrary addition and deletion of participants, enabling greater flexibility. Experimental verification is conducted to demonstrate the security, effectiveness, and practicality of the proposed protocols. The correctness and security of the protocols are formally proven. The QSMS method based on graph state introduces new opportunities for QSMC. It highlights the potential of leveraging quantum graph state technology to securely and efficiently solve various multi-party computation problems.

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“…This protocol has several advantages like the ease of experimental implementation, its robustness against photon number splitting (PNS) attack, it has tolerance against reduced visibility, also it is polarization insensitive. Various research groups have reported the security proofs for COW QKD against general and coherent attacks [18,19]. Being free from PNS attack, this protocol is implementable using attenuated light source which is an advantage as generation of single photon on demand is an extremely challenging task with present experimental resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of coherent one way protocol for quantum key distribution up to an effective distance of 145 km

Malpani,

Kumar,

Pathak

2023

Preprint

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It’s well known that many of the traditional cryptographic schemes (like RSA and DH) will be vulnerable when scalable quantum computers will be available. However, quantum cryptographic protocols can provide unconditional security. One such protocol for unconditionally secure quantum key distribution (QKD) is coherent one way (COW) protocol. In the present work, we report experimental realization of an optical fiber based COW protocol for QKD in the telecom wavelength (1550 nm) where the attenuation in the optical fiber is minimum. A laser of 1550 nm wavelength, attenuator and intensity modulator is used for the generation of pulses having average photon number 0.5 and repetition rate of 500 MHz. The experiment is performed over 40 km, 80 km and 120 km of optical fiber and several experimental parameters like disclose rate, compression ratio, dead time and excess bias voltage of the detector are varied for all the cases (i.e., for 40 km, 80 km and 120 km distances) to observe their impact on the final key rate. Specifically, It is observed that there is a linear increase in the key rate as we decrease compression ratio or disclose rate. The key rate obtains its maximum value for least permitted values of disclose rate, compression ratio and dead time. It seems to remain stable for various values of excess bias voltage. While changing various parameters, we have maintained the quantum bit error rate (QBER) below 6% (5%) for distance ≥ 120 km (≤ 120 km). The key rate obtained is also found to remain stable over time. Experimental results obtained here are also compared with the earlier realizations of the COW QKD protocol. Further, to emulate key rate at intermediate distances and at a distance larger than 120 km, an attenuator of 5 dB loss is used which can be treated as equivalent to ∼ 25 km of the optical fiber used in the present implementation. This has made the present implementation equivalent to the realization of COW QKD upto ∼ 145 km.

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Simple security proof of coherent-one-way quantum key distribution

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Hacking coherent-one-way quantum key distribution with present-day technology

Hacking coherent-one-way quantum key distribution with present-day technology

Quantum Secure Multi-Party Summation with Graph State

Implementation of coherent one way protocol for quantum key distribution up to an effective distance of 145 km

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