Simple synthesis of γ-carbolines

Furan's Gambit: Electrophile‐Attack‐Triggered Sacrifice of Furan Rings for the Intramolecular Construction of Azaheterocycles

“…The 2‐acetonylindole 79a formed was transformed into γ‐carboline 82 through a simple reaction sequence (Scheme ) 32…”

Pd(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbolines by Iminoannulation of Internal Alkynes via Direct C−H Bond Cleavage Using Dioxygen as Oxidant

“…Pyrido[3,4- b ]indoles and pyrido[4,3- b ]indoles, commonly known as β- and γ-carbolines, are of great importance in the areas of pharmaceuticals and are also versatile building blocks for natural products, bioactive compounds, and drugs . Compounds containing the β-carboline units have been found to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as possessing potent and varied CNS and antitumor properties, acting as inhibitors of IκB kinase and PDE5, etc .…”

γ-Carbolines and their hydrogenated derivatives. 2.* Hydrogenated derivatives of γ-carbolines: methods of synthesis (review)

“…The ethyl ester of polyphosphoric acid can also be used for the cyclization of isotryptamine formamides into the corresponding 3,4-dihydro-γ-carbolines, but the authors of [26] were unable to isolate the 1-unsubstituted derivative in the pure form. The cyclization product was therefore converted into the aromatic γ-carboline.…”