“…The distinguishing characteristic of CA is that large‐scale, complex spatial patterns emerge from its simple small‐scale transition rules, which is consistent with complex theories (Clarke & Gaydos, ; Batty & Torrens, ). For decades, CA models have been used to simulate LUCCs at various local or regional scales (Dietzel & Clarke, ; Li & Yeh, ; Lin et al, ; Liu et al, ; Torrens et al, ), such as in the regional‐scale GEOMOD model (Estoque & Murayama, ), the continental‐scale DynaCLUE model (Verburg & Overmars, ), and the continental‐ to global‐scale LandSHIFT model (Schaldach et al, ). CA models can also be used to simulate global‐scale LUCCs based on land area demand constraints predicted by global assessment models.…”